Closure member arrangements for surgical instruments

ABSTRACT

A closure member for applying a closure motion to a movable jaw of a surgical instrument. In at least one form, the closure member comprises a closure body that defines an outer surface and an inner surface. The closure body further defines an upper portion that comprises an upper wall thickness between the outer and inner surfaces and a lower portion that comprises a lower wall thickness between the outer and inner surfaces. The upper wall thickness differs from the lower wall thickness. A cam surface is formed on the upper portion for selective camming contact with a portion of the movable jaw.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to surgical instruments and, in various arrangements, to surgical stapling and cutting instruments and staple cartridges for use therewith that are designed to staple and cut tissue.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various features of the embodiments described herein, together with advantages thereof, may be understood in accordance with the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows:

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a surgical system comprising a handle assembly and multiple interchangeable surgical tool assemblies that may be used therewith;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one of the interchangeable surgical tool assemblies of FIG. 1 operably coupled to the handle assembly of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an exploded assembly view of portions of the handle assembly and interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another one of the interchangeable surgical tool assemblies depicted in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is another partial cross-sectional view of a portion of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIGS. 4 and 5;

FIG. 7 is an exploded assembly view of a portion of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIGS. 4-6;

FIG. 7A is an enlarged top view of a portion of an elastic spine assembly of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 7;

FIG. 8 is another exploded assembly view of a portion of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIGS. 4-7;

FIG. 9 is another cross-sectional perspective view of a surgical end effector portion of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIGS. 4-8;

FIG. 10 is an exploded assembly view of the surgical end effector portion of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly depicted in FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view, a side elevational view and a front elevational view of a firing member embodiment that may be employed in the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an anvil that may be employed in the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 4;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional side elevational view of the anvil of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a bottom view of the anvil of FIGS. 12 and 13;

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional side elevational view of a portion of a surgical end effector and shaft portion of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 4 with an unspent or unfired surgical staple cartridge properly seated with an elongate channel of the surgical end effector;

FIG. 16 is another cross-sectional side elevational view of the surgical end effector and shaft portion of FIG. 15 after the surgical staple cartridge has been at least partially fired and a firing member thereof is being retracted to a starting position;

FIG. 17 is another cross-sectional side elevational view of the surgical end effector and shaft portion of FIG. 16 after the firing member has been fully retracted back to the starting position;

FIG. 18 is a top cross-sectional view of the surgical end effector and shaft portion depicted in FIG. 15 with the unspent or unfired surgical staple cartridge properly seated with the elongate channel of the surgical end effector;

FIG. 19 is another top cross-sectional view of the surgical end effector of FIG. 18 with a surgical staple cartridge mounted therein that has been at least partially fired and illustrates the firing member retained in a locked position;

FIG. 20 is a partial cross-sectional view of portions of the anvil and elongate channel of the interchangeable tool assembly of FIG. 4;

FIG. 21 is an exploded side elevational view of portions of the anvil and elongate channel of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is a rear perspective view of an anvil mounting portion of an anvil embodiment;

FIG. 23 is a rear perspective view of an anvil mounting portion of another anvil embodiment;

FIG. 24 is a rear perspective view of an anvil mounting portion of another anvil embodiment;

FIG. 25 is a perspective view of an anvil embodiment;

FIG. 26 is an exploded perspective view of the anvil of FIG. 25;

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional end view of the anvil of FIG. 25;

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of another anvil embodiment;

FIG. 29 is an exploded perspective view of the anvil embodiment of FIG. 28;

FIG. 30 is a top view of a distal end portion of an anvil body portion of the anvil of FIG. 28;

FIG. 31 is a top view of a distal end portion of an anvil body portion of another anvil embodiment;

FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional end perspective view of the anvil of FIG. 31;

FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional end perspective view of another anvil embodiment;

FIG. 34 is a perspective view of a closure member embodiment comprising a distal closure tube segment;

FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional side elevational view of the closure member embodiment of FIG. 34;

FIG. 36 is a partial cross-sectional view of an interchangeable surgical tool assembly embodiment showing a position of an anvil mounting portion of an anvil in a fully closed position and a firing member thereof in a starting position;

FIG. 37 is another partial cross-sectional view of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 36 at the commencement of an opening process;

FIG. 38 is another partial cross-sectional view of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 37 with the anvil in the fully opened position;

FIG. 39 is a side elevational view of a portion of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 36;

FIG. 40 is a side elevational view of a portion of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 37;

FIG. 41 is a side elevational view of a portion of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 38;

FIG. 42 is a cross-sectional side elevational view of another closure member embodiment;

FIG. 43 is a cross-sectional end view of the closure member of FIG. 42;

FIG. 44 is a cross-sectional end view of another closure member embodiment;

FIG. 45 is a cross-sectional end view of another closure member embodiment;

FIG. 46 is a cross-sectional end view of another closure member embodiment;

FIG. 47 is a partial cross-sectional view of portions of a surgical end effector of an interchangeable tool assembly illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 48 is a partial cross-sectional view of portions of a surgical end effector of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 5;

FIG. 49 is another cross-sectional view of the surgical end effector of FIG. 48;

FIG. 50 is a partial perspective view of a portion of an underside of an anvil embodiment;

FIG. 51 is a partial cross-sectional view of a portion of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 5 with an anvil of a surgical end effector thereof in a fully opened position;

FIG. 52 is another partial cross-sectional view of a portion of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 51 with the anvil of the surgical end effector thereof in a first closed position;

FIG. 53 is another partial cross-sectional view of a portion of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 51 at the commencement of the firing process wherein the anvil is in the first closed position and a firing member of the surgical end effector thereof has moved distally out of a starting position;

FIG. 54 is another partial cross-sectional view of a portion of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly of FIG. 51 wherein the anvil is in a second closed position and the firing member has been distally advanced into a surgical staple cartridge of the surgical end effector thereof;

FIG. 55 is a graphical comparison of firing energy versus time for different interchangeable surgical tool assemblies; and

FIG. 56 is a graphical depiction of force to fire improvements and comparisons of firing loads verses the percentage of firing distance that the firing member thereof has traveled for four different interchangeable surgical tool assemblies.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplifications set out herein illustrate various embodiments of the invention, in one form, and such exemplifications are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on Dec. 21, 2016 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,185, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS AND REPLACEABLE TOOL ASSEMBLIES THEREOF;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,230, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,221, entitled LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL END EFFECTORS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,209, entitled SURGICAL END EFFECTORS AND FIRING MEMBERS THEREOF;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,198, entitled LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL END EFFECTORS AND REPLACEABLE TOOL ASSEMBLIES; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,240, entitled SURGICAL END EFFECTORS AND ADAPTABLE FIRING MEMBERS THEREFOR.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on Dec. 21, 2016 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,939, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGES AND ARRANGEMENTS OF STAPLES AND STAPLE CAVITIES THEREIN;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,941, entitled SURGICAL TOOL ASSEMBLIES WITH CLUTCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SHIFTING BETWEEN CLOSURE SYSTEMS WITH CLOSURE STROKE REDUCTION FEATURES AND ARTICULATION AND FIRING SYSTEMS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,943, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS AND STAPLE-FORMING ANVILS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,950, entitled SURGICAL TOOL ASSEMBLIES WITH CLOSURE STROKE REDUCTION FEATURES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,945, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGES AND ARRANGEMENTS OF STAPLES AND STAPLE CAVITIES THEREIN;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,946, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS AND STAPLE-FORMING ANVILS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,951, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH JAW OPENING FEATURES FOR INCREASING A JAW OPENING DISTANCE;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,953, entitled METHODS OF STAPLING TISSUE;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,954, entitled FIRING MEMBERS WITH NON-PARALLEL JAW ENGAGEMENT FEATURES FOR SURGICAL END EFFECTORS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,955, entitled SURGICAL END EFFECTORS WITH EXPANDABLE TISSUE STOP ARRANGEMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,948, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS AND STAPLE-FORMING ANVILS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,956, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH POSITIVE JAW OPENING FEATURES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,958, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR PREVENTING FIRING SYSTEM ACTUATION UNLESS AN UNSPENT STAPLE CARTRIDGE IS PRESENT; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,947, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGES AND ARRANGEMENTS OF STAPLES AND STAPLE CAVITIES THEREIN.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on Dec. 21, 2016 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,896, entitled METHOD FOR RESETTING A FUSE OF A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SHAFT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,898, entitled STAPLE FORMING POCKET ARRANGEMENT TO ACCOMMODATE DIFFERENT TYPES OF STAPLES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,899, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING IMPROVED JAW CONTROL;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,901, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE AND STAPLE CARTRIDGE CHANNEL COMPRISING WINDOWS DEFINED THEREIN;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,902, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A CUTTING MEMBER;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,904, entitled STAPLE FIRING MEMBER COMPRISING A MISSING CARTRIDGE AND/OR SPENT CARTRIDGE LOCKOUT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,905, entitled FIRING ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A LOCKOUT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,907, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM COMPRISING AN END EFFECTOR LOCKOUT AND A FIRING ASSEMBLY LOCKOUT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,908, entitled FIRING ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A FUSE; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,909, entitled FIRING ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A MULTIPLE FAILED-STATE FUSE.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on Dec. 21, 2016 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,920, entitled STAPLE FORMING POCKET ARRANGEMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,913, entitled ANVIL ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL STAPLERS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,914, entitled METHOD OF DEFORMING STAPLES FROM TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF STAPLE CARTRIDGES WITH THE SAME SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,893, entitled BILATERALLY ASYMMETRIC STAPLE FORMING POCKET PAIRS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,929, entitled CLOSURE MEMBERS WITH CAM SURFACE ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH SEPARATE AND DISTINCT CLOSURE AND FIRING SYSTEMS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,911, entitled SURGICAL STAPLERS WITH INDEPENDENTLY ACTUATABLE CLOSING AND FIRING SYSTEMS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,927, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH SMART STAPLE CARTRIDGES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,917, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE COMPRISING STAPLES WITH DIFFERENT CLAMPING BREADTHS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,900, entitled STAPLE FORMING POCKET ARRANGEMENTS COMPRISING PRIMARY SIDEWALLS AND POCKET SIDEWALLS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,931, entitled NO-CARTRIDGE AND SPENT CARTRIDGE LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL STAPLERS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,915, entitled FIRING MEMBER PIN ANGLE;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,897, entitled STAPLE FORMING POCKET ARRANGEMENTS COMPRISING ZONED FORMING SURFACE GROOVES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,922, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MULTIPLE FAILURE RESPONSE MODES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,924, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH PRIMARY AND SAFETY PROCESSORS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,912, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH JAWS THAT ARE PIVOTABLE ABOUT A FIXED AXIS AND INCLUDE SEPARATE AND DISTINCT CLOSURE AND FIRING SYSTEMS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,910, entitled ANVIL HAVING A KNIFE SLOT WIDTH; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,906, entitled FIRING MEMBER PIN CONFIGURATIONS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on Dec. 21, 2016 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,188, entitled STEPPED STAPLE CARTRIDGE WITH ASYMMETRICAL STAPLES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,192, entitled STEPPED STAPLE CARTRIDGE WITH TISSUE RETENTION AND GAP SETTING FEATURES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,206, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE WITH DEFORMABLE DRIVER RETENTION FEATURES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,226, entitled DURABILITY FEATURES FOR END EFFECTORS AND FIRING ASSEMBLIES OF SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,222, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS HAVING END EFFECTORS WITH POSITIVE OPENING FEATURES; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/386,236, entitled CONNECTION PORTIONS FOR DISPOSABLE LOADING UNITS FOR SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on Dec. 21, 2016 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,887, entitled METHOD FOR ATTACHING A SHAFT ASSEMBLY TO A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT AND, ALTERNATIVELY, TO A SURGICAL ROBOT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,889, entitled SHAFT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A MANUALLY-OPERABLE RETRACTION SYSTEM FOR USE WITH A MOTORIZED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,890, entitled SHAFT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING SEPARATELY ACTUATABLE AND RETRACTABLE SYSTEMS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,891, entitled SHAFT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A CLUTCH CONFIGURED TO ADAPT THE OUTPUT OF A ROTARY FIRING MEMBER TO TWO DIFFERENT SYSTEMS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,892, entitled SURGICAL SYSTEM COMPRISING A FIRING MEMBER ROTATABLE INTO AN ARTICULATION STATE TO ARTICULATE AN END EFFECTOR OF THE SURGICAL SYSTEM;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,894, entitled SHAFT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A LOCKOUT; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,895, entitled SHAFT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING FIRST AND SECOND ARTICULATION LOCKOUTS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on Dec. 21, 2016 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,916, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEMS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,918, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEMS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,919, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEMS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,921, entitled SURGICAL STAPLE CARTRIDGE WITH MOVABLE CAMMING MEMBER CONFIGURED TO DISENGAGE FIRING MEMBER LOCKOUT FEATURES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,923, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEMS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,925, entitled JAW ACTUATED LOCK ARRANGEMENTS FOR PREVENTING ADVANCEMENT OF A FIRING MEMBER IN A SURGICAL END EFFECTOR UNLESS AN UNFIRED CARTRIDGE IS INSTALLED IN THE END EFFECTOR;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,926, entitled AXIALLY MOVABLE CLOSURE SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS FOR APPLYING CLOSURE MOTIONS TO JAWS OF SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,928, entitled PROTECTIVE COVER ARRANGEMENTS FOR A JOINT INTERFACE BETWEEN A MOVABLE JAW AND ACTUATOR SHAFT OF A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,930, entitled SURGICAL END EFFECTOR WITH TWO SEPARATE COOPERATING OPENING FEATURES FOR OPENING AND CLOSING END EFFECTOR JAWS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,932, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL END EFFECTOR WITH ASYMMETRIC SHAFT ARRANGEMENT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,933, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH INDEPENDENT PIVOTABLE LINKAGE DISTAL OF AN ARTICULATION LOCK;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,934, entitled ARTICULATION LOCK ARRANGEMENTS FOR LOCKING AN END EFFECTOR IN AN ARTICULATED POSITION IN RESPONSE TO ACTUATION OF A JAW CLOSURE SYSTEM;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,935, entitled LATERALLY ACTUATABLE ARTICULATION LOCK ARRANGEMENTS FOR LOCKING AN END EFFECTOR OF A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT IN AN ARTICULATED CONFIGURATION; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,936, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ARTICULATION STROKE AMPLIFICATION FEATURES.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on Jun. 24, 2016 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/191,775, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE COMPRISING WIRE STAPLES AND STAMPED STAPLES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/191,807, entitled STAPLING SYSTEM FOR USE WITH WIRE STAPLES AND STAMPED STAPLES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/191,834, entitled STAMPED STAPLES AND STAPLE CARTRIDGES USING THE SAME;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/191,788, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE COMPRISING OVERDRIVEN STAPLES; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/191,818, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE COMPRISING OFFSET LONGITUDINAL STAPLE ROWS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on Jun. 24, 2016 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/569,218, entitled SURGICAL FASTENER;

U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/569,227, entitled SURGICAL FASTENER;

U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/569,259, entitled SURGICAL FASTENER CARTRIDGE; and

U.S. Design patent application Ser. No. 29/569,264, entitled SURGICAL FASTENER CARTRIDGE.

Applicant of the present application owns the following patent applications that were filed on Apr. 1, 2016 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,325, entitled METHOD FOR OPERATING A SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,321, entitled MODULAR SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A DISPLAY;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,326, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A DISPLAY INCLUDING A RE-ORIENTABLE DISPLAY FIELD;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,263, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HANDLE ASSEMBLY WITH RECONFIGURABLE GRIP PORTION;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,262, entitled ROTARY POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MANUALLY ACTUATABLE BAILOUT SYSTEM;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,277, entitled SURGICAL CUTTING AND STAPLING END EFFECTOR WITH ANVIL CONCENTRIC DRIVE MEMBER;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,296, entitled INTERCHANGEABLE SURGICAL TOOL ASSEMBLY WITH A SURGICAL END EFFECTOR THAT IS SELECTIVELY ROTATABLE ABOUT A SHAFT AXIS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,258, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A SHIFTABLE TRANSMISSION;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,278, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM CONFIGURED TO PROVIDE SELECTIVE CUTTING OF TISSUE;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,284, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A CONTOURABLE SHAFT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,295, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A TISSUE COMPRESSION LOCKOUT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,300, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING AN UNCLAMPING LOCKOUT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,196, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A JAW CLOSURE LOCKOUT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,203, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A JAW ATTACHMENT LOCKOUT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,210, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A SPENT CARTRIDGE LOCKOUT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,324, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A SHIFTING MECHANISM;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,335, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT COMPRISING MULTIPLE LOCKOUTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,339, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,253, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM CONFIGURED TO APPLY ANNULAR ROWS OF STAPLES HAVING DIFFERENT HEIGHTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,304, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING A GROOVED FORMING POCKET;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,331, entitled ANVIL MODIFICATION MEMBERS FOR SURGICAL STAPLERS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,336, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGES WITH ATRAUMATIC FEATURES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,312, entitled CIRCULAR STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING AN INCISABLE TISSUE SUPPORT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,309, entitled CIRCULAR STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING ROTARY FIRING SYSTEM; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/089,349, entitled CIRCULAR STAPLING SYSTEM COMPRISING LOAD CONTROL.

Applicant of the present application also owns the U.S. Patent Applications identified below which were filed on Dec. 31, 2015 which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/984,488, entitled MECHANISMS FOR COMPENSATING FOR BATTERY PACK FAILURE IN POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/984,525, entitled MECHANISMS FOR COMPENSATING FOR DRIVETRAIN FAILURE IN POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/984,552, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH SEPARABLE MOTORS AND MOTOR CONTROL CIRCUITS.

Applicant of the present application also owns the U.S. Patent Applications identified below which were filed on Feb. 9, 2016 which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,220, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH ARTICULATING AND AXIALLY TRANSLATABLE END EFFECTOR;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,228, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH MULTIPLE LINK ARTICULATION ARRANGEMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,196, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ARTICULATION MECHANISM WITH SLOTTED SECONDARY CONSTRAINT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,206, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH AN END EFFECTOR THAT IS HIGHLY ARTICULATABLE RELATIVE TO AN ELONGATE SHAFT ASSEMBLY;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,215, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH NON-SYMMETRICAL ARTICULATION ARRANGEMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,227, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH SINGLE ARTICULATION LINK ARRANGEMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,235, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH TENSIONING ARRANGEMENTS FOR CABLE DRIVEN ARTICULATION SYSTEMS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,230, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH OFF-AXIS FIRING BEAM ARRANGEMENTS; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,245, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH CLOSURE STROKE REDUCTION ARRANGEMENTS.

Applicant of the present application also owns the U.S. Patent Applications identified below which were filed on Feb. 12, 2016 which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/043,254, entitled MECHANISMS FOR COMPENSATING FOR DRIVETRAIN FAILURE IN POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/043,259, entitled MECHANISMS FOR COMPENSATING FOR DRIVETRAIN FAILURE IN POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/043,275, entitled MECHANISMS FOR COMPENSATING FOR DRIVETRAIN FAILURE IN POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/043,289, entitled MECHANISMS FOR COMPENSATING FOR DRIVETRAIN FAILURE IN POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following patent applications that were filed on Jun. 18, 2015 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/742,925, entitled SURGICAL END EFFECTORS WITH POSITIVE JAW OPENING ARRANGEMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/742,941, entitled SURGICAL END EFFECTORS WITH DUAL CAM ACTUATED JAW CLOSING FEATURES;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/742,914, entitled MOVABLE FIRING BEAM SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/742,900, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH COMPOSITE FIRING BEAM STRUCTURES WITH CENTER FIRING SUPPORT MEMBER FOR ARTICULATION SUPPORT;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/742,885, entitled DUAL ARTICULATION DRIVE SYSTEM ARRANGEMENTS FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/742,876, entitled PUSH/PULL ARTICULATION DRIVE SYSTEMS FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following patent applications that were filed on Mar. 6, 2015 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,746, entitled POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256184;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,795, entitled MULTIPLE LEVEL THRESHOLDS TO MODIFY OPERATION OF POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/02561185;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,832, entitled ADAPTIVE TISSUE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES TO ADJUST CLOSURE RATES FOR MULTIPLE TISSUE TYPES, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256154;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,935, entitled OVERLAID MULTI SENSOR RADIO FREQUENCY (RF) ELECTRODE SYSTEM TO MEASURE TISSUE COMPRESSION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256071;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,831, entitled MONITORING SPEED CONTROL AND PRECISION INCREMENTING OF MOTOR FOR POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256153;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,859, entitled TIME DEPENDENT EVALUATION OF SENSOR DATA TO DETERMINE STABILITY, CREEP, AND VISCOELASTIC ELEMENTS OF MEASURES, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256187;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,817, entitled INTERACTIVE FEEDBACK SYSTEM FOR POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256186;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,844, entitled CONTROL TECHNIQUES AND SUB-PROCESSOR CONTAINED WITHIN MODULAR SHAFT WITH SELECT CONTROL PROCESSING FROM HANDLE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256155;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,837, entitled SMART SENSORS WITH LOCAL SIGNAL PROCESSING, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256163;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,765, entitled SYSTEM FOR DETECTING THE MIS-INSERTION OF A STAPLE CARTRIDGE INTO A SURGICAL STAPLER, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256160;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,799, entitled SIGNAL AND POWER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM POSITIONED ON A ROTATABLE SHAFT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256162; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/640,780, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A LOCKABLE BATTERY HOUSING, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0256161.

Applicant of the present application owns the following patent applications that were filed on Feb. 27, 2015, and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,576, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM COMPRISING AN INSPECTION STATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249919;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,546, entitled SURGICAL APPARATUS CONFIGURED TO ASSESS WHETHER A PERFORMANCE PARAMETER OF THE SURGICAL APPARATUS IS WITHIN AN ACCEPTABLE PERFORMANCE BAND, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249915;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,560, entitled SURGICAL CHARGING SYSTEM THAT CHARGES AND/OR CONDITIONS ONE OR MORE BATTERIES, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249910;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,566, entitled CHARGING SYSTEM THAT ENABLES EMERGENCY RESOLUTIONS FOR CHARGING A BATTERY, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249918;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,555, entitled SYSTEM FOR MONITORING WHETHER A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT NEEDS TO BE SERVICED, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249916;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,542, entitled REINFORCED BATTERY FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249908;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,548, entitled POWER ADAPTER FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249909;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,526, entitled ADAPTABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HANDLE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249945;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,541, entitled MODULAR STAPLING ASSEMBLY, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249927; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/633,562, entitled SURGICAL APPARATUS CONFIGURED TO TRACK AN END-OF-LIFE PARAMETER, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0249917.

Applicant of the present application owns the following patent applications that were filed on Dec. 18, 2014 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/574,478, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS COMPRISING AN ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTOR AND MEANS FOR ADJUSTING THE FIRING STROKE OF A FIRING MEMBER, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174977;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/574,483, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING LOCKABLE SYSTEMS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174969;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/575,139, entitled DRIVE ARRANGEMENTS FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174978;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/575,148, entitled LOCKING ARRANGEMENTS FOR DETACHABLE SHAFT ASSEMBLIES WITH ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL END EFFECTORS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174976;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/575,130, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH AN ANVIL THAT IS SELECTIVELY MOVABLE ABOUT A DISCRETE NON-MOVABLE AXIS RELATIVE TO A STAPLE CARTRIDGE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174972;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/575,143, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH IMPROVED CLOSURE ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174983;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/575,117, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTORS AND MOVABLE FIRING BEAM SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174975;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/575,154, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTORS AND IMPROVED FIRING BEAM SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174973;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/574,493, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A FLEXIBLE ARTICULATION SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174970; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/574,500, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ASSEMBLY COMPRISING A LOCKABLE ARTICULATION SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0174971.

Applicant of the present application owns the following patent applications that were filed on Mar. 1, 2013 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,295, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH CONDUCTIVE PATHWAYS FOR SIGNAL COMMUNICATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0246471;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,323, entitled ROTARY POWERED ARTICULATION JOINTS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0246472;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,338, entitled THUMBWREEL SWITCH ARRANGEMENTS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0249557;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,499, entitled ELECTROMECHANICAL SURGICAL DEVICE WITH SIGNAL RELAY ARRANGEMENT, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,358,003;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,460, entitled MULTIPLE PROCESSOR MOTOR CONTROL FOR MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0246478;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,358, entitled JOYSTICK SWITCH ASSEMBLIES FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,326,767;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,481, entitled SENSOR STRAIGHTENED END EFFECTOR DURING REMOVAL THROUGH TROCAR, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,468,438;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,518, entitled CONTROL METHODS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH REMOVABLE IMPLEMENT PORTIONS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0246475;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,375, entitled ROTARY POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH MULTIPLE DEGREES OF FREEDOM, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,398,911; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/782,536, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SOFT STOP, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,307,986.

Applicant of the present application also owns the following patent applications that were filed on Mar. 14, 2013 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,097, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A FIRING DRIVE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263542;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,193, entitled CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS FOR A DRIVE MEMBER OF A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,332,987;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,053, entitled INTERCHANGEABLE SHAFT ASSEMBLIES FOR USE WITH A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263564;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,086, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ARTICULATION LOCK, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,210, entitled SENSOR ARRANGEMENTS FOR ABSOLUTE POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263538;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,148, entitled MULTI-FUNCTION MOTOR FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263554;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,066, entitled DRIVE SYSTEM LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263565;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,117, entitled ARTICULATION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,351,726;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,130, entitled DRIVE TRAIN CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS FOR MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,351,727; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,159, entitled METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR OPERATING A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0277017.

Applicant of the present application also owns the following patent application that was filed on Mar. 7, 2014 and is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/200,111, entitled CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263539.

Applicant of the present application also owns the following patent applications that were filed on Mar. 26, 2014 and are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,106, entitled POWER MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272582;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,099, entitled STERILIZATION VERIFICATION CIRCUIT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272581;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,094, entitled VERIFICATION OF NUMBER OF BATTERY EXCHANGES/PROCEDURE COUNT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272580;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,117, entitled POWER MANAGEMENT THROUGH SLEEP OPTIONS OF SEGMENTED CIRCUIT AND WAKE UP CONTROL, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272574;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,075, entitled MODULAR POWERED SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH DETACHABLE SHAFT ASSEMBLIES, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272579;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,093, entitled FEEDBACK ALGORITHMS FOR MANUAL BAILOUT SYSTEMS FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272569;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,116, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT UTILIZING SENSOR ADAPTATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272571;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,071, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT CONTROL CIRCUIT HAVING A SAFETY PROCESSOR, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272578;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,097, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272570;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,126, entitled INTERFACE SYSTEMS FOR USE WITH SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272572;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,133, entitled MODULAR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272557;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,081, entitled SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR CONTROLLING A SEGMENTED CIRCUIT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0277471;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,076, entitled POWER MANAGEMENT THROUGH SEGMENTED CIRCUIT AND VARIABLE VOLTAGE PROTECTION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0280424;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,111, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272583; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,125, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A ROTATABLE SHAFT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0280384.

Applicant of the present application also owns the following patent applications that were filed on Sep. 5, 2014 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/479,103, entitled CIRCUITRY AND SENSORS FOR POWERED MEDICAL DEVICE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066912;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/479,119, entitled ADJUNCT WITH INTEGRATED SENSORS TO QUANTIFY TISSUE COMPRESSION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066914;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/478,908, entitled MONITORING DEVICE DEGRADATION BASED ON COMPONENT EVALUATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066910;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/478,895, entitled MULTIPLE SENSORS WITH ONE SENSOR AFFECTING A SECOND SENSOR′S OUTPUT OR INTERPRETATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066909;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/479,110, entitled POLARITY OF HALL MAGNET TO DETECT MISLOADED CARTRIDGE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066915;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/479,098, entitled SMART CARTRIDGE WAKE UP OPERATION AND DATA RETENTION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066911;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/479,115, entitled MULTIPLE MOTOR CONTROL FOR POWERED MEDICAL DEVICE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066916; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/479,108, entitled LOCAL DISPLAY OF TISSUE PARAMETER STABILIZATION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0066913.

Applicant of the present application also owns the following patent applications that were filed on Apr. 9, 2014 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,590, entitled MOTOR DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH LOCKABLE DUAL DRIVE SHAFTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0305987;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,581, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A CLOSING DRIVE AND A FIRING DRIVE OPERATED FROM THE SAME ROTATABLE OUTPUT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0305989;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,595, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT SHAFT INCLUDING SWITCHES FOR CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF THE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0305988;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,588, entitled POWERED LINEAR SURGICAL STAPLER, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0309666;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,591, entitled TRANSMISSION ARRANGEMENT FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0305991;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,584, entitled MODULAR MOTOR DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ALIGNMENT FEATURES FOR ALIGNING ROTARY DRIVE SHAFTS WITH SURGICAL END EFFECTOR SHAFTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0305994;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,587, entitled POWERED SURGICAL STAPLER, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0309665;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,586, entitled DRIVE SYSTEM DECOUPLING ARRANGEMENT FOR A SURGICAL INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0305990; and

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/248,607, entitled MODULAR MOTOR DRIVEN SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH STATUS INDICATION ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0305992.

Applicant of the present application also owns the following patent applications that were filed on Apr. 16, 2013 and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety:

U.S. Provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/812,365, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY A SINGLE MOTOR;

U.S. Provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/812,376, entitled LINEAR CUTTER WITH POWER;

U.S. Provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/812,382, entitled LINEAR CUTTER WITH MOTOR AND PISTOL GRIP;

U.S. Provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/812,385, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HANDLE WITH MULTIPLE ACTUATION MOTORS AND MOTOR CONTROL; and

U.S. Provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/812,372, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS PERFORMED BY A SINGLE MOTOR.

Numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the overall structure, function, manufacture, and use of the embodiments as described in the specification and illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Well-known operations, components, and elements have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the embodiments described in the specification. The reader will understand that the embodiments described and illustrated herein are non-limiting examples, and thus it can be appreciated that the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein may be representative and illustrative. Variations and changes thereto may be made without departing from the scope of the claims.

The terms “comprise” (and any form of comprise, such as “comprises” and “comprising”), “have” (and any form of have, such as “has” and “having”), “include” (and any form of include, such as “includes” and “including”) and “contain” (and any form of contain, such as “contains” and “containing”) are open-ended linking verbs. As a result, a surgical system, device, or apparatus that “comprises,” “has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more elements possesses those one or more elements, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more elements. Likewise, an element of a system, device, or apparatus that “comprises,” “has,” “includes” or “contains” one or more features possesses those one or more features, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more features.

The terms “proximal” and “distal” are used herein with reference to a clinician manipulating the handle portion of the surgical instrument. The term “proximal” refers to the portion closest to the clinician and the term “distal” refers to the portion located away from the clinician. It will be further appreciated that, for convenience and clarity, spatial terms such as “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, and “down” may be used herein with respect to the drawings. However, surgical instruments are used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and/or absolute.

Various exemplary devices and methods are provided for performing laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgical procedures. However, the reader will readily appreciate that the various methods and devices disclosed herein can be used in numerous surgical procedures and applications including, for example, in connection with open surgical procedures. As the present Detailed Description proceeds, the reader will further appreciate that the various instruments disclosed herein can be inserted into a body in any way, such as through a natural orifice, through an incision or puncture hole formed in tissue, etc. The working portions or end effector portions of the instruments can be inserted directly into a patient's body or can be inserted through an access device that has a working channel through which the end effector and elongate shaft of a surgical instrument can be advanced.

A surgical stapling system can comprise a shaft and an end effector extending from the shaft. The end effector comprises a first jaw and a second jaw. The first jaw comprises a staple cartridge. The staple cartridge is insertable into and removable from the first jaw; however, other embodiments are envisioned in which a staple cartridge is not removable from, or at least readily replaceable from, the first jaw. The second jaw comprises an anvil configured to deform staples ejected from the staple cartridge. The second jaw is pivotable relative to the first jaw about a closure axis; however, other embodiments are envisioned in which the first jaw is pivotable relative to the second jaw. The surgical stapling system further comprises an articulation joint configured to permit the end effector to be rotated, or articulated, relative to the shaft. The end effector is rotatable about an articulation axis extending through the articulation joint. Other embodiments are envisioned which do not include an articulation joint.

The staple cartridge comprises a cartridge body. The cartridge body includes a proximal end, a distal end, and a deck extending between the proximal end and the distal end. In use, the staple cartridge is positioned on a first side of the tissue to be stapled and the anvil is positioned on a second side of the tissue. The anvil is moved toward the staple cartridge to compress and clamp the tissue against the deck. Thereafter, staples removably stored in the cartridge body can be deployed into the tissue. The cartridge body includes staple cavities defined therein wherein staples are removably stored in the staple cavities. The staple cavities are arranged in six longitudinal rows. Three rows of staple cavities are positioned on a first side of a longitudinal slot and three rows of staple cavities are positioned on a second side of the longitudinal slot. Other arrangements of staple cavities and staples may be possible.

The staples are supported by staple drivers in the cartridge body. The drivers are movable between a first, or unfired position, and a second, or fired, position to eject the staples from the staple cavities. The drivers are retained in the cartridge body by a retainer which extends around the bottom of the cartridge body and includes resilient members configured to grip the cartridge body and hold the retainer to the cartridge body. The drivers are movable between their unfired positions and their fired positions by a sled. The sled is movable between a proximal position adjacent the proximal end and a distal position adjacent the distal end. The sled comprises a plurality of ramped surfaces configured to slide under the drivers and lift the drivers, and the staples supported thereon, toward the anvil.

Further to the above, the sled is moved distally by a firing member. The firing member is configured to contact the sled and push the sled toward the distal end. The longitudinal slot defined in the cartridge body is configured to receive the firing member. The anvil also includes a slot configured to receive the firing member. The firing member further comprises a first cam which engages the first jaw and a second cam which engages the second jaw. As the firing member is advanced distally, the first cam and the second cam can control the distance, or tissue gap, between the deck of the staple cartridge and the anvil. The firing member also comprises a knife configured to incise the tissue captured intermediate the staple cartridge and the anvil. It is desirable for the knife to be positioned at least partially proximal to the ramped surfaces such that the staples are ejected ahead of the knife.

FIG. 1 depicts a motor-driven surgical system 10 that may be used to perform a variety of different surgical procedures. As can be seen in that Figure, one example of the surgical system 10 includes four interchangeable surgical tool assemblies 100, 200, 300 and 1000 that are each adapted for interchangeable use with a handle assembly 500. Each interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100, 200, 300 and 1000 may be designed for use in connection with the performance of one or more specific surgical procedures. In another surgical system embodiment, the interchangeable surgical tool assemblies may be effectively employed with a tool drive assembly of a robotically controlled or automated surgical system. For example, the surgical tool assemblies disclosed herein may be employed with various robotic systems, instruments, components and methods such as, but not limited to, those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,072,535, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

FIG. 2 illustrates one form of an interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 that is operably coupled to the handle assembly 500. FIG. 3 illustrates attachment of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 to the handle assembly 500. The attachment arrangement and process depicted in FIG. 3 may also be employed in connection with attachment of any of the interchangeable surgical tool assemblies 100, 200, 300 and 1000 to a tool drive portion or tool drive housing of a robotic system. The handle assembly 500 may comprise a handle housing 502 that includes a pistol grip portion 504 that can be gripped and manipulated by the clinician. As will be briefly discussed below, the handle assembly 500 operably supports a plurality of drive systems that are configured to generate and apply various control motions to corresponding portions of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100, 200, 300 and/or 1000 that is operably attached thereto.

Referring now to FIG. 3, the handle assembly 500 may further include a frame 506 that operably supports the plurality of drive systems. For example, the frame 506 can operably support a “first” or closure drive system, generally designated as 510, which may be employed to apply closing and opening motions to the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100, 200, 300 and 1000 that is operably attached or coupled to the handle assembly 500. In at least one form, the closure drive system 510 may include an actuator in the form of a closure trigger 512 that is pivotally supported by the frame 506. Such arrangement enables the closure trigger 512 to be manipulated by a clinician such that when the clinician grips the pistol grip portion 504 of the handle assembly 500, the closure trigger 512 may be easily pivoted from a starting or “unactuated” position to an “actuated” position and more particularly to a fully compressed or fully actuated position. In various forms, the closure drive system 510 further includes a closure linkage assembly 514 that is pivotally coupled to the closure trigger 512 or otherwise operably interfaces therewith. As will be discussed in further detail below, in the illustrated example, the closure linkage assembly 514 includes a transverse attachment pin 516 that facilitates attachment to a corresponding drive system on the surgical tool assembly. In use, to actuate the closure drive system, the clinician depresses the closure trigger 512 towards the pistol grip portion 504. As described in further detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/226,142, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A SENSOR SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272575, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety herein, when the clinician fully depresses the closure trigger 512 to attain the full closure stroke, the closure drive system is configured to lock the closure trigger 512 into the fully depressed or fully actuated position. When the clinician desires to unlock the closure trigger 512 to permit it to be biased to the unactuated position, the clinician simply activates a closure release button assembly 518 which enables the closure trigger to return to unactuated position. The closure release button 518 may also be configured to interact with various sensors that communicate with a microcontroller 520 in the handle assembly 500 for tracking the position of the closure trigger 512. Further details concerning the configuration and operation of the closure release button assembly 518 may be found in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272575.

In at least one form, the handle assembly 500 and the frame 506 may operably support another drive system referred to herein as a firing drive system 530 that is configured to apply firing motions to corresponding portions of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly that is attached thereto. As was described in detail in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272575, the firing drive system 530 may employ an electric motor (not shown in FIGS. 1-3) that is located in the pistol grip portion 504 of the handle assembly 500. In various forms, the motor may be a DC brushed driving motor having a maximum rotation of, approximately, 25,000 RPM, for example. In other arrangements, the motor may include a brushless motor, a cordless motor, a synchronous motor, a stepper motor, or any other suitable electric motor. The motor may be powered by a power source 522 that in one form may comprise a removable power pack. The power pack may support a plurality of Lithium Ion (“LI”) or other suitable batteries therein. A number of batteries may be connected in series may be used as the power source 522 for the surgical system 10. In addition, the power source 522 may be replaceable and/or rechargeable.

The electric motor is configured to axially drive a longitudinally movable drive member 540 in a distal and proximal directions depending upon the polarity of the motor. For example, when the motor is driven in one rotary direction, the longitudinally movable drive member 540 the will be axially driven in the distal direction “DD”. When the motor is driven in the opposite rotary direction, the longitudinally movable drive member 540 will be axially driven in a proximal direction “PD”. The handle assembly 500 can include a switch 513 which can be configured to reverse the polarity applied to the electric motor by the power source 522 or otherwise control the motor. The handle assembly 500 can also include a sensor or sensors (not shown) that is configured to detect the position of the drive member 540 and/or the direction in which the drive member 540 is being moved. Actuation of the motor can be controlled by a firing trigger 532 (FIG. 1) that is pivotally supported on the handle assembly 500. The firing trigger 532 may be pivoted between an unactuated position and an actuated position. The firing trigger 532 may be biased into the unactuated position by a spring or other biasing arrangement such that when the clinician releases the firing trigger 532, it may be pivoted or otherwise returned to the unactuated position by the spring or biasing arrangement. In at least one form, the firing trigger 532 can be positioned “outboard” of the closure trigger 512 as was discussed above. As discussed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272575, the handle assembly 500 may be equipped with a firing trigger safety button (not shown) to prevent inadvertent actuation of the firing trigger 532. When the closure trigger 512 is in the unactuated position, the safety button is contained in the handle assembly 500 where the clinician cannot readily access it and move it between a safety position preventing actuation of the firing trigger 532 and a firing position wherein the firing trigger 532 may be fired. As the clinician depresses the closure trigger 512, the safety button and the firing trigger 532 pivot down wherein they can then be manipulated by the clinician.

In at least one form, the longitudinally movable drive member 540 may have a rack of teeth (not shown) formed thereon for meshing engagement with a corresponding drive gear arrangement (not shown) that interfaces with the motor. Further details regarding those features may be found in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272575. At least one form also includes a manually-actuatable “bailout” assembly that is configured to enable the clinician to manually retract the longitudinally movable drive member 540 should the motor become disabled. The bailout assembly may include a lever or bailout handle assembly that is stored within the handle assembly 500 under a releasable door 550. The lever is configured to be manually pivoted into ratcheting engagement with the teeth in the drive member 540. Thus, the clinician can manually retract the drive member 540 by using the bailout handle assembly to ratchet the drive member 5400 in the proximal direction “PD”. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/249,117, entitled POWERED SURGICAL CUTTING AND STAPLING APPARATUS WITH MANUALLY RETRACTABLE FIRING SYSTEM, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,608,045, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein discloses bailout arrangements and other components, arrangements and systems that may also be employed with the various surgical tool assemblies disclosed herein.

Turning now to FIG. 2, the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 includes a surgical end effector 110 that comprises a first jaw and a second jaw. In one arrangement, the first jaw comprises an elongate channel 112 that is configured to operably support a surgical staple cartridge 116 therein. The second jaw comprises an anvil 114 that is pivotally supported relative to the elongate channel 112. The interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 also includes a lockable articulation joint 120 which can be configured to releasably hold the end effector 110 in a desired position relative to a shaft axis SA. Details regarding various constructions and operation of the end effector 110, the articulation joint 120 and the articulation lock are set forth in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,086, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ARTICULATION LOCK, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. As can be further seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 can include a proximal housing or nozzle 130 and a closure tube assembly 140 which can be utilized to close and/or open the anvil 114 of the end effector 110. As discussed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0272575, the closure tube assembly 140 is movably supported on a spine 145 which supports articulation driver arrangement 147 for applying articulation motions to the surgical end effector 110. The spine 145 is configured to, one, slidably support a firing bar 170 therein and, two, slidably support the closure tube assembly 140 which extends around the spine 145. In various circumstances, the spine 145 includes a proximal end that is rotatably supported in a chassis 150. See FIG. 3. In one arrangement, for example, the proximal end of the spine 145 is attached to a spine bearing (not shown) that is configured to be supported within the chassis 150. Such an arrangement facilitates rotatable attachment of the spine 145 to the chassis 150 such that the spine 145 may be selectively rotated about a shaft axis SA relative to the chassis 150.

Still referring to FIG. 3, the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 includes a closure shuttle 160 that is slidably supported within the chassis 150 such that it may be axially moved relative thereto. As can be seen in FIG. 3, the closure shuttle 160 includes a pair of proximally-protruding hooks 162 that are configured for attachment to the attachment pin 516 that is attached to the closure linkage assembly 514 in the handle assembly 500. A proximal closure tube segment 146 of the closure tube assembly 140 is coupled to the closure shuttle 160 for relative rotation thereto. Thus, when the hooks 162 are hooked over the pin 516, actuation of the closure trigger 512 will result in the axial movement of the closure shuttle 160 and ultimately, the closure tube assembly 140 on the spine 145. A closure spring (not shown) may also be journaled on the closure tube assembly 140 and serves to bias the closure tube assembly 140 in the proximal direction “PD” which can serve to pivot the closure trigger 512 into the unactuated position when the shaft assembly 100 is operably coupled to the handle assembly 500. In use, the closure tube assembly 140 is translated distally (direction DD) to close the anvil 114, for example, in response to the actuation of the closure trigger 512. The closure tube assembly 140 includes a distal closure tube segment 142 that is pivotally pinned to a distal end of a proximal closure tube segment 146. The distal closure tube segment 142 is configured to axially move with the proximal closure tube segment 146 relative to the surgical end effector 110. When the distal end of the distal closure tube segment 142 strikes a proximal surface or ledge 115 on the anvil 114, the anvil 114 is pivoted closed. Further details concerning the closure of anvil 114 may be found in the aforementioned U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541 and will be discussed in further detail below. As was also described in detail in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541, the anvil 114 is opened by proximally translating the distal closure tube segment 142. The distal closure tube segment 142 has a horseshoe aperture 143 therein that defines a downwardly extending return tab (not shown) that cooperates with an anvil tab 117 formed on the proximal end of the anvil 114 to pivot the anvil 114 back to an open position. In the fully open position, the closure tube assembly 140 is in its proximal-most or unactuated position.

As was also indicated above, the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 further includes a firing bar 170 that is supported for axial travel within the shaft spine 145. The firing bar 170 includes an intermediate firing shaft portion that is configured for attachment to a distal cutting portion or knife bar that is configured for axial travel through the surgical end effector 110. In at least one arrangement, the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 includes a clutch assembly (not shown) which can be configured to selectively and releasably couple the articulation driver to the firing bar 170. Further details regarding the clutch assembly features and operation may be found in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541. As discussed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541, when the clutch assembly is in its engaged position, distal movement of the firing bar 170 can move the articulation driver arrangement 147 distally and, correspondingly, proximal movement of the firing bar 170 can move the articulation driver arrangement 147 proximally. When the clutch assembly is in its disengaged position, movement of the firing bar 170 is not transmitted to the articulation driver arrangement 147 and, as a result, the firing bar 170 can move independently of the articulation driver arrangement 147. The interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 may also include a slip ring assembly (not shown) which can be configured to conduct electrical power to and/or from the end effector 110 and/or communicate signals to and/or from the end effector 110. Further details regarding the slip ring assembly may be found in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/800,067, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263552 is incorporated by reference in its entirety. U.S. Pat. No. 9,345,481, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM, is also hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Still referring to FIG. 3, the chassis 150 has at least one, and preferably two, tapered attachment portions 152 formed thereon that are adapted to be received within corresponding dovetail slots 507 formed within a distal end of the frame 506. Each dovetail slot 507 may be tapered or, stated another way, be somewhat V-shaped to seatingly receive the tapered attachment portions 152 therein. As can be further seen in FIG. 3, a shaft attachment lug 172 is formed on the proximal end of the firing shaft 170. When the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 is coupled to the handle assembly 500, the shaft attachment lug 172 is received in a firing shaft attachment cradle 542 formed in the distal end of the longitudinally movable drive member 540. The interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 also employs a latch system 180 for releasably latching the shaft assembly 100 to the frame 506 of the handle assembly 500. In at least one form, for example, the latch system 180 includes a lock member or lock yoke 182 that is movably coupled to the chassis 150. The lock yoke 182 includes two proximally protruding lock lugs 184 that are configured for releasable engagement with corresponding lock detents or grooves 509 in the distal attachment flange of the frame 506. In various forms, the lock yoke 182 is biased in the proximal direction by spring or biasing member. Actuation of the lock yoke 182 may be accomplished by a latch button 186 that is slidably mounted on a latch actuator assembly that is mounted to the chassis 150. The latch button 186 may be biased in a proximal direction relative to the lock yoke 182. As will be discussed in further detail below, the lock yoke 182 may be moved to an unlocked position by biasing the latch button 186 the in distal direction DD which also causes the lock yoke 182 to pivot out of retaining engagement with the distal attachment flange of the frame 506. When the lock yoke 182 is in “retaining engagement” with the distal attachment flange of the frame 506, the lock lugs 184 are retainingly seated within the corresponding lock detents or grooves 509 in the distal end of the frame 506. Further details concerning the latching system may be found in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541.

Attachment of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 to the handle assembly 500 will now be described with reference to FIG. 3. To commence the coupling process, the clinician may position the chassis 150 of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 above or adjacent to the distal end of the frame 506 such that the tapered attachment portions 152 formed on the chassis 150 are aligned with the dovetail slots 507 in the frame 506. The clinician may then move the surgical tool assembly 100 along an installation axis IA that is perpendicular to the shaft axis SA to seat the tapered attachment portions 152 in “operable engagement” with the corresponding dovetail receiving slots 507 in the distal end of the frame 506. In doing so, the shaft attachment lug 172 on the firing shaft 170 will also be seated in the cradle 542 in the longitudinally movable drive member 540 and the portions of pin 516 on the closure link 514 will be seated in the corresponding hooks 162 in the closure shuttle 160. As used herein, the term “operable engagement” in the context of two components means that the two components are sufficiently engaged with each other so that upon application of an actuation motion thereto, the components may carry out their intended action, function and/or procedure.

Returning now to FIG. 1, the surgical system 10 illustrated in that Figure includes four interchangeable surgical tool assemblies 100, 200, 300 and 1000 that may each be effectively employed with the same handle assembly 500 to perform different surgical procedures. The construction of an exemplary form of interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 was briefly discussed above and is discussed in further detail in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541. Various details regarding interchangeable surgical tool assemblies 200 and 300 may be found in the various U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on even date herewith and which have been incorporated by reference herein. Various details regarding interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 will be discussed in further detail below.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, each of the surgical tool assemblies 100, 200, 300 and 1000 includes a pair of jaws wherein at least one of the jaws is movable between open positions wherein tissue may be captured or manipulated between the two jaws and closed positions wherein the tissue is firmly retained therebetween. The movable jaw or jaws are moved between open and closed positions upon application of closure and opening motions applied thereto from the handle assembly or the robotic or automated surgical system to which the surgical tool assembly is operably coupled. In addition, each of the illustrated interchangeable surgical tool assemblies includes a firing member that is configured to cut tissue and fire staples from a staple cartridge that is supported in one of the jaws in response to firing motions applied thereto by the handle assembly or robotic system. Each surgical tool assembly may be uniquely designed to perform a specific procedure, for example, to cut and fasten a particular type of and thickness of tissue within a certain area in the body. The closing, firing and articulation control systems in the handle assembly 500 or robotic system may be configured to generate axial control motions and/or rotary control motions depending upon the type of closing, firing and articulation system configurations that are employed in the surgical tool assembly. In one arrangement, when a closure control system in the handle assembly or robotic system is fully actuated, one of the closure system control components which may, for example, comprise a closure tube assembly as described above, moves axially from an unactuated position to its fully actuated position. The axial distance that the closure tube assembly moves between its unactuated position to its fully actuated position may be referred to herein as its “closure stroke length”. Similarly, when a firing system in the handle assembly or robotic system is fully actuated, one of the firing system control components which may, for example, comprise the longitudinally movable drive member as described above moves axially from its unactuated position to its fully actuated or fired position. The axial distance that the longitudinally movable drive member moves between its unactuated position and its fully fired position may be referred to herein as its “firing stroke length”. For those surgical tool assemblies that employ articulatable end effector arrangements, the handle assembly or robotic system may employ articulation control components that move axially through an “articulation drive stroke length”. In many circumstances, the closure stroke length, the firing stroke length and the articulation drive stroke length are fixed for a particular handle assembly or robotic system. Thus, each of the surgical tool assemblies must be able to accommodate control movements of the closure, firing and/or articulation components through each of their entire stroke lengths without placing undue stress on the surgical tool components which might lead to damage or catastrophic failure of surgical tool assembly.

Turning now to FIGS. 4-10, the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 includes a surgical end effector 1100 that comprises an elongate channel 1102 that is configured to operably support a staple cartridge 1110 therein. The end effector 1100 may further include an anvil 1130 that is pivotally supported relative to the elongate channel 1102. The interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 may further include an articulation joint 1200 and an articulation lock 1210 (FIGS. 5 and 8-10) which can be configured to releasably hold the end effector 1100 in a desired articulated position relative to a shaft axis SA. Details regarding the construction and operation of the articulation lock 1210 may be found in in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,086, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING AN ARTICULATION LOCK, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. Additional details concerning the articulation lock may also be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,196, filed Feb. 9, 2016, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ARTICULATION MECHANISM WITH SLOTTED SECONDARY CONSTRAINT, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. As can be seen in FIG. 7, the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 can further include a proximal housing or nozzle 1300 comprised of nozzle portions 1302, 1304 as well as an actuator wheel portion 1306 that is configured to be coupled to the assembled nozzle portions 1302, 1304 by snaps, lugs, screws etc. The interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 can further include a closure tube assembly 1400 which can be utilized to close and/or open the anvil 1130 of the end effector 1100 as will be discussed in further detail below. Primarily referring now to FIGS. 8 and 9, the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 can include a spine assembly 1500 which can be configured to support the articulation lock 1210. In the illustrated arrangement, the spine assembly 1500 comprises an “elastic” spine or frame member 1510 which will be described in further detail below. A distal end portion 1522 of the elastic spine member 1510 is attached to a distal frame segment 1560 that operably supports the articulation lock 1210 therein. As can be seen in FIGS. 7 and 8, the spine assembly 1500 is configured to, one, slidably support a firing member assembly 1600 therein and, two, slidably support the closure tube assembly 1400 which extends around the spine assembly 1500. The spine assembly 1500 can also be configured to slidably support a proximal articulation driver 1700.

As can be seen in FIG. 10, the distal frame segment 1560 is pivotally coupled to the elongate channel 1102 by an end effector mounting assembly 1230. In one arrangement, for example, the distal end 1562 of the distal frame segment 1560 has a pivot pin 1564 formed thereon. The pivot pin 1564 is adapted to be pivotally received within a pivot hole 1234 formed in pivot base portion 1232 of the end effector mounting assembly 1230. The end effector mounting assembly 1230 is attached to the proximal end 1103 of the elongate channel 1102 by a spring pin 1105 or other suitable member. The pivot pin 1564 defines an articulation axis B-B that is transverse to the shaft axis SA. See FIG. 4. Such arrangement facilitates pivotal travel (i.e., articulation) of the end effector 1100 about the articulation axis B-B relative to the spine assembly 1500.

Still referring to FIG. 10, in the illustrated embodiment, the articulation driver 1700 has a distal end 1702 that is configured to operably engage the articulation lock 1210. The articulation lock 1210 includes an articulation frame 1212 that is adapted to operably engage a drive pin 1238 on the pivot base portion 1232 of the end effector mounting assembly 1230. In addition, a cross-link 1237 may be linked to the drive pin 1238 and articulation frame 1212 to assist articulation of the end effector 1100. As indicated above, further details regarding the operation of the articulation lock 1210 and the articulation frame 1212 may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,086, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541. Further details regarding the end effector mounting assembly and crosslink may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,245, filed Feb. 9, 2016, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH CLOSURE STROKE REDUCTION ARRANGEMENTS, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein. In various circumstances, the elastic spine member 1510 includes a proximal end 1514 which is rotatably supported in a chassis 1800. In one arrangement, for example, the proximal end 1514 of the elastic spine member 1510 has a thread 1516 formed thereon for threaded attachment to a spine bearing (not shown) that is configured to be supported within the chassis 1800. Such an arrangement facilitates rotatable attachment of the elastic spine member 1510 to the chassis 1800 such that the spine assembly 1500 may be selectively rotated about a shaft axis SA relative to the chassis 1800.

Referring primarily to FIG. 7, the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 includes a closure shuttle 1420 that is slidably supported within the chassis 1800 such that it may be axially moved relative thereto. In one form, the closure shuttle 1420 includes a pair of proximally-protruding hooks 1421 that are configured for attachment to the attachment pin 516 that is attached to the closure linkage assembly 514 of the handle assembly 500 as was discussed above. A proximal end 1412 of a proximal closure tube segment 1410 is coupled to the closure shuttle 1420 for relative rotation thereto. For example, a U-shaped connector 1424 is inserted into an annular slot 1414 in the proximal end 1412 of the proximal closure tube segment 1410 and is retained within vertical slots 1422 in the closure shuttle 1420. See FIG. 7. Such arrangement serves to attach the proximal closure tube segment 1410 to the closure shuttle 1420 for axial travel therewith while enabling the closure tube assembly 1400 to rotate relative to the closure shuttle 1420 about the shaft axis SA. A closure spring (not shown) is journaled on the proximal end 1412 of the proximal closure tube segment 1410 and serves to bias the closure tube assembly 1400 in the proximal direction PD which can serve to pivot the closure trigger 512 on the handle assembly 500 (FIG. 3) into the unactuated position when the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 is operably coupled to the handle assembly 500.

As indicated above, the illustrated interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 includes an articulation joint 1200. Other interchangeable surgical tool assemblies, however, may not be capable of articulation. As can be seen in FIG. 10, upper and lower tangs 1415, 1416 protrude distally from a distal end of the proximal closure tube segment 1410 to be movably coupled to an end effector closure sleeve or distal closure tube segment 1430 of the closure tube assembly 1400. As can be seen in FIG. 10, the distal closure tube segment 1430 includes upper and lower tangs 1434, 1436 that protrude proximally from a proximal end thereof. An upper double pivot link 1220 includes proximal and distal pins that engage corresponding holes in the upper tangs 1415, 1434 of the proximal closure tube segment 1410 and distal closure tube segment 1430, respectively. Similarly, a lower double pivot link 1222 includes proximal and distal pins that engage corresponding holes in the lower tangs 1416 and 1436 of the proximal closure tube segment 1410 and distal closure tube segment 1430, respectively. As will be discussed in further detail below, distal and proximal axial translation of the closure tube assembly 1400 will result in the closing and opening of the anvil 1130 relative to the elongate channel 1102.

As mentioned above, the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 further includes a firing member assembly 1600 that is supported for axial travel within the spine assembly 1500. In the illustrated embodiment, the firing member assembly 1600 includes an intermediate firing shaft portion 1602 that is configured for attachment to a distal cutting portion or knife bar 1610. The firing member assembly 1600 may also be referred to herein as a “second shaft” and/or a “second shaft assembly”. As can be seen in FIGS. 7-10, the intermediate firing shaft portion 1602 may include a longitudinal slot 1604 in the distal end thereof which can be configured to receive a tab (not shown) on the proximal end of the knife bar 1610. The longitudinal slot 1604 and the proximal end of the knife bar 1610 can be sized and configured to permit relative movement therebetween and can comprise a slip joint 1612. The slip joint 1612 can permit the intermediate firing shaft portion 1602 of the firing member assembly 1600 to be moved to articulate the end effector 1100 without moving, or at least substantially moving, the knife bar 1610. Once the end effector 1100 has been suitably oriented, the intermediate firing shaft portion 1602 can be advanced distally until a proximal sidewall of the longitudinal slot 1604 comes into contact with the tab on the knife bar 1610 to advance the knife bar 1610 and fire the staple cartridge 1110 positioned within the elongate channel 1102. As can be further seen in FIGS. 8 and 9, the elastic spine member 1520 has an elongate opening or window 1525 therein to facilitate assembly and insertion of the intermediate firing shaft portion 1602 into the elastic spine member 1520. Once the intermediate firing shaft portion 1602 has been inserted therein, a top frame segment 1527 may be engaged with the elastic spine member 1520 to enclose the intermediate firing shaft portion 1602 and knife bar 1610 therein. Further description of the operation of the firing member assembly 1600 may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,086, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541.

Further to the above, the interchangeable tool assembly 1000 can include a clutch assembly 1620 which can be configured to selectively and releasably couple the articulation driver 1800 to the firing member assembly 1600. In one form, the clutch assembly 1620 includes a lock collar, or sleeve 1622, positioned around the firing member assembly 1600 wherein the lock sleeve 1622 can be rotated between an engaged position in which the lock sleeve 1622 couples the articulation driver 1700 to the firing member assembly 1600 and a disengaged position in which the articulation driver 1700 is not operably coupled to the firing member assembly 1600. When lock sleeve 1622 is in its engaged position, distal movement of the firing member assembly 1600 can move the articulation driver 1700 distally and, correspondingly, proximal movement of the firing member assembly 1600 can move the articulation driver 1700 proximally. When lock sleeve 1622 is in its disengaged position, movement of the firing member assembly 1600 is not transmitted to the articulation driver 1700 and, as a result, the firing member assembly 1600 can move independently of the articulation driver 1700. In various circumstances, the articulation driver 1700 can be held in position by the articulation lock 1210 when the articulation driver 1700 is not being moved in the proximal or distal directions by the firing member assembly 1600.

Referring primarily to FIG. 7, the lock sleeve 1622 can comprise a cylindrical, or an at least substantially cylindrical, body including a longitudinal aperture 1624 defined therein configured to receive the firing member assembly 1600. The lock sleeve 1622 can comprise diametrically-opposed, inwardly-facing lock protrusions 1626, 1628 and an outwardly-facing lock member 1629. The lock protrusions 1626, 1628 can be configured to be selectively engaged with the intermediate firing shaft portion 1602 of the firing member assembly 1600. More particularly, when the lock sleeve 1622 is in its engaged position, the lock protrusions 1626, 1628 are positioned within a drive notch 1605 defined in the intermediate firing shaft portion 1602 such that a distal pushing force and/or a proximal pulling force can be transmitted from the firing member assembly 1600 to the lock sleeve 1622. When the lock sleeve 1622 is in its engaged position, the second lock member 1629 is received within a drive notch 1704 defined in the articulation driver 1700 such that the distal pushing force and/or the proximal pulling force applied to the lock sleeve 1622 can be transmitted to the articulation driver 1700. In effect, the firing member assembly 1600, the lock sleeve 1622, and the articulation driver 1700 will move together when the lock sleeve 1622 is in its engaged position. On the other hand, when the lock sleeve 1622 is in its disengaged position, the lock protrusions 1626, 1628 may not be positioned within the drive notch 1605 of the intermediate firing shaft portion 1602 of the firing member assembly 1600 and, as a result, a distal pushing force and/or a proximal pulling force may not be transmitted from the firing member assembly 1600 to the lock sleeve 1622. Correspondingly, the distal pushing force and/or the proximal pulling force may not be transmitted to the articulation driver 1700. In such circumstances, the firing member assembly 1600 can be slid proximally and/or distally relative to the lock sleeve 1622 and the proximal articulation driver 1700. The clutching assembly 1620 further includes a switch drum 1630 that interfaces with the lock sleeve 1622. Further details concerning the operation of the switch drum and lock sleeve 1622 may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,086, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541, and Ser. No. 15/019,196. The switch drum 1630 can further comprise at least partially circumferential openings 1632, 1634 defined therein which can receive circumferential mounts 1305 that extend from the nozzle halves 1302, 1304 and permit relative rotation, but not translation, between the switch drum 1630 and the proximal nozzle 1300. See FIG. 6. Rotation of the nozzle 1300 to a point where the mounts reach the end of their respective slots 1632, 1634 in the switch drum 1630 will result in rotation of the switch drum 1630 about the shaft axis SA. Rotation of the switch drum 1630 may ultimately result in the movement of the lock sleeve 1622 between its engaged and disengaged positions. In alternative embodiments, the nozzle 1300 may be employed to operably engage and disengage the articulation drive system with the firing drive system. As indicated above, clutch assembly 1620 may operate in the various manners described in further detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,086, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,196, which have each been herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety.

In the illustrated arrangement, the switch drum 1630 includes a an L-shaped slot 1636 that extends into a distal opening 1637 in the switch drum 1630. The distal opening 1637 receives a transverse pin 1639 of a shifter plate 1638. In one example, the shifter plate 1638 is received within a longitudinal slot (not shown) that is provided in the lock sleeve 1622 to facilitate axial movement of the lock sleeve 1622 when engaged with the articulation driver 1700. Further details regarding the operation of the shifter plate and shift drum arrangements may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/868,718, filed Sep. 28, 2015, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT WITH SHAFT RELEASE, POWERED FIRING AND POWERED ARTICULATION, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein.

As also illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, the interchangeable tool assembly 1000 can comprise a slip ring assembly 1640 which can be configured to conduct electrical power to and/or from the end effector 1100 and/or communicate signals to and/or from the end effector 1100, back to a microprocessor in the handle assembly or robotic system controller, for example. Further details concerning the slip ring assembly 1640 and associated connectors may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/803,086, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263541, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,196 which have each been herein incorporated by reference in their respective entirety as well as in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/800,067, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263552, which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. As also described in further detail in the aforementioned patent applications that have been incorporated by reference herein, the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 can also comprise at least one sensor that is configured to detect the position of the switch drum 1630.

Referring again to FIG. 7, the chassis 1800 includes at least one, and preferably two, tapered attachment portions 1802 formed thereon that are adapted to be received within corresponding dovetail slots 507 formed within the distal end portion of the frame 506 of the handle assembly 500 as was discussed above. As can be further seen in FIG. 7, a shaft attachment lug 1605 is formed on the proximal end of the intermediate firing shaft 1602. As will be discussed in further detail below, when the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 is coupled to the handle assembly 500, the shaft attachment lug 1605 is received in a firing shaft attachment cradle 542 that is formed in the distal end of the longitudinal drive member 540. See FIG. 3.

Various interchangeable surgical tool assemblies employ a latch system 1810 for removably coupling the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 to the frame 506 of the handle assembly 500. As can be seen in FIG. 7, for example, in at least one form, the latch system 1810 includes a lock member or lock yoke 1812 that is movably coupled to the chassis 1800. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the lock yoke 1812 has a U-shape with two spaced downwardly extending legs 1814. The legs 1814 each have a pivot lug (not shown) formed thereon that are adapted to be received in corresponding holes 1816 formed in the chassis 1800. Such arrangement facilitates pivotal attachment of the lock yoke 1812 to the chassis 1800. The lock yoke 1812 may include two proximally protruding lock lugs 1818 that are configured for releasable engagement with corresponding lock detents or grooves 509 in the distal end of the frame 506 of the handle assembly 500. See FIG. 3. In various forms, the lock yoke 1812 is biased in the proximal direction by a spring or biasing member 1819. Actuation of the lock yoke 1812 may be accomplished by a latch button 1820 that is slidably mounted on a latch actuator assembly 1822 that is mounted to the chassis 1800. The latch button 1820 may be biased in a proximal direction relative to the lock yoke 1812. The lock yoke 1812 may be moved to an unlocked position by biasing the latch button 1820 the in distal direction which also causes the lock yoke 1812 to pivot out of retaining engagement with the distal end of the frame 506. When the lock yoke 1812 is in “retaining engagement” with the distal end of the frame 506, the lock lugs 1818 are retainingly seated within the corresponding lock detents or grooves 509 in the distal end of the frame 506.

In the illustrated arrangement, the lock yoke 1812 includes at least one and preferably two lock hooks 1824 that are adapted to contact corresponding lock lug portions 1426 that are formed on the closure shuttle 1420. When the closure shuttle 1420 is in an unactuated position, the lock yoke 1812 may be pivoted in a distal direction to unlock the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 from the handle assembly 500. When in that position, the lock hooks 1824 do not contact the lock lug portions 1426 on the closure shuttle 1420. However, when the closure shuttle 1420 is moved to an actuated position, the lock yoke 1812 is prevented from being pivoted to an unlocked position. Stated another way, if the clinician were to attempt to pivot the lock yoke 1812 to an unlocked position or, for example, the lock yoke 1812 was in advertently bumped or contacted in a manner that might otherwise cause it to pivot distally, the lock hooks 1824 on the lock yoke 1812 will contact the lock lugs 1426 on the closure shuttle 1420 and prevent movement of the lock yoke 1812 to an unlocked position.

Still referring to FIG. 10, the knife bar 1610 may comprise a laminated beam structure that includes at least two beam layers. Such beam layers may comprise, for example, stainless steel bands that are interconnected by, for example, welding or pinning together at their proximal ends and/or at other locations along their length. In alternative embodiments, the distal ends of the bands are not connected together to allow the laminates or bands to splay relative to each other when the end effector is articulated. Such arrangement permits the knife bar 1610 to be sufficiently flexible to accommodate articulation of the end effector. Various laminated knife bar arrangements are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,245. As can also be seen in FIG. 10, a middle support member 1614 is employed to provide lateral support to the knife bar 1610 as it flexes to accommodate articulation of the surgical end effector 1100. Further details concerning the middle support member and alternative knife bar support arrangements are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/019,245. As can also be seen in FIG. 10, a firing member or knife member 1620 is attached to the distal end of the knife bar 1610.

FIG. 11 illustrates one form of a firing member 1660 that may be employed with the interchangeable tool assembly 1000. In one exemplary form, the firing member 1660 comprises a body portion 1662 that includes a proximally extending connector member 1663 that is configured to be received in a correspondingly shaped connector opening 1614 in the distal end of the knife bar 1610. See FIG. 10. The connector 1663 may be retained within the connector opening 1614 by friction and/or welding or suitable adhesive, etc. The body portion 1662 protrudes through an elongate slot 1104 in the elongate channel 1102 and terminates in a foot member 1664 that extends laterally on each side of the body portion 1662. As the firing member 1660 is driven distally through the surgical staple cartridge 1110, the foot member 1664 rides within a passage 1105 in the elongate channel 1102 that is located under the surgical staple cartridge 1110. As can be seen in FIG. 11, one form of the firing member 1660 may further include laterally protruding central tabs, pins or retainer features 1680. As the firing member 1660 is driven distally through the surgical staple cartridge 1110, the central retainer features 1680 ride on the inner surface 1106 of the elongate channel 1102. The body portion 1662 of the firing member 1660 further includes a tissue cutting edge or feature 1666 that is disposed between a distally protruding hook feature 1665 and a distally protruding top nose portion 1670. As can be further seen in FIG. 11, the firing member 1660 may further include two laterally extending top tabs, pins or anvil engagement features 1665. As the firing member 1660 is driven distally, a top portion of the body 1662 extends through a centrally disposed anvil slot 1138 and the top anvil engagement features 1672 ride on corresponding ledges 1136 formed on each side of the anvil slot 1134. See FIGS. 13 and 14.

Returning to FIG. 10, the firing member 1660 is configured to operably interface with a sled assembly 1120 that is operably supported within the body 1111 of the surgical staple cartridge 1110. The sled assembly 1120 is slidably displaceable within the surgical staple cartridge body 1111 from a proximal starting position adjacent the proximal end 1112 of the cartridge body 1111 to an ending position adjacent a distal end 1113 of the cartridge body 1111. The cartridge body 1111 operably supports therein a plurality of staple drivers (not shown) that are aligned in rows on each side of a centrally disposed slot 1114. The centrally disposed slot 1114 enables the firing member 1660 to pass therethrough and cut the tissue that is clamped between the anvil 1130 and the staple cartridge 1110. The drivers are associated with corresponding pockets 1116 that open through the upper deck surface 1115 of the cartridge body. Each of the staple drivers supports one or more surgical staple or fastener (not shown) thereon. The sled assembly 1120 includes a plurality of sloped or wedge-shaped cams 1122 wherein each cam 1122 corresponds to a particular line of fasteners or drivers located on a side of the slot 1114. In the illustrated example, one cam 1122 is aligned with one line of “double” drivers that each support two staples or fasteners thereon and another cam 1122 is aligned with another line of “single” drivers on the same side of the slot 1114 that each operably support a single surgical staple or fastener thereon. Thus, in the illustrated example, when the surgical staple cartridge 1110 is “fired”, there will be three lines of staples on each lateral side of the tissue cut line. However, other cartridge and driver configurations could also be employed to fire other staple/fastener arrangements. The sled assembly 1120 has a central body portion 1124 that is configured to be engaged by the hook portion 1665 of the firing member 1660. Thus, when the firing member 1660 is fired or driven distally, the firing member 1660 drives the sled assembly 1120 distally as well. As the firing member 1660 moves distally through the cartridge 1110, the tissue cutting feature 1666 cuts the tissue that is clamped between the anvil assembly 1130 and the cartridge 1110 and the sled assembly 1120 drives the drivers upwardly in the cartridge which drive the corresponding staples or fasteners into forming contact with the anvil assembly 1130.

In those embodiments wherein the firing member includes a tissue cutting surface, it may be desirable for the elongate shaft assembly to be configured in such a way so as to prevent the inadvertent advancement of the firing member unless an unspent staple cartridge is properly supported in the elongate channel 1102 of the surgical end effector 1100. If, for example, no staple cartridge is present at all and the firing member is distally advanced through the end effector, the tissue would be severed, but not stapled. Similarly, if a spent staple cartridge (i.e., a staple cartridge wherein at least some of the staples have already been fired therefrom) is present in the end effector and the firing member is advanced, the tissue would be severed, but may not be completely stapled, if at all. It will be appreciated that such occurrences could lead to undesirable catastrophic results during the surgical procedure. U.S. Pat. No. 6,988,649 entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A SPENT CARTRIDGE LOCKOUT, U.S. Pat. No. 7,044,352 entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A SINGLE LOCKOUT MECHANISM FOR PREVENTION OF FIRING, and U.S. Pat. No. 7,380,695 entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING A SINGLE LOCKOUT MECHANISM FOR PREVENTION OF FIRING, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/742,933, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH LOCKOUT ARRANGEMENTS FOR PREVENTING FIRING SYSTEM ACTUATION WHEN A CARTRIDGE IS SPENT OR MISSING each disclose various firing member lockout arrangements. Each of those references is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

An “unfired”, “unspent”, “fresh” or “new” cartridge 1110 means herein that the cartridge 1110 has all of its fasteners in their “ready-to-be-fired positions”. When in that position, the sled assembly 1120 is located in its starting position. The new cartridge 1110 is seated within the elongate channel 1102 and may be retained therein by snap features on the cartridge body that are configured to retainingly engage corresponding portions of the elongate channel 1102. FIGS. 15 and 18 illustrate a portion of the surgical end effector 1100 with a new or unfired surgical staple cartridge 1110 seated therein. As can be seen in those Figures, the sled assembly 1120 is in the starting position. To prevent the firing system from being activated and, more precisely, to prevent the firing member 1660 from being distally driven through the end effector 1110 unless an unfired or new surgical staple cartridge has been properly seated within the elongate channel 1102, the illustrated interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 employs a firing member lockout system generally designated as 1650.

Referring now to FIGS. 10 and 15-19, in one form, the firing member lockout system 1650 includes movable lock member 1652 that is configured to retainingly engage the firing member 1660 when a surgical staple cartridge 1110 is not properly seated within the elongate channel 1102. The lock member 1652 comprises at least one laterally moving locking portion 1654 that is configured to retainingly engage a corresponding portion of the firing member when the sled assembly 1120 is not present within the cartridge 1110 in its starting position. In the illustrated arrangement, the lock member 1652 employs two laterally moving locking portions 1654 wherein each locking portion 1654 engages a laterally extending portion of the firing member 1660.

In the illustrated embodiment, the lock member 1652 comprises a generally U-shaped spring member wherein each laterally movable leg or locking portion 1654 extends from a central spring portion 1653 and is configured to move in lateral directions represented by “L” in FIGS. 18 and 19. It will be appreciated that the term “lateral directions” refers to directions that are transverse to the shaft axis SA. The spring or lock member 1652 may be fabricated from high strength spring steel or similar material. The central spring portion 1653 may be seated within a slot 1236 in the end effector mounting assembly 1230. See FIG. 10. As can be seen in FIGS. 15-17, each of the laterally movable legs or locking portions 1654 has a distal end 1656 with a locking window 1658 therein. When the locking member 1652 is in a locked position, the central retainer feature 1680 on each lateral side extends into the corresponding locking window 1658 to retainingly prevent the firing member from being distally axially advanced.

Operation of the firing member lock out system will be explained with reference to FIGS. 15-19. FIGS. 15 and 18 illustrate a portion of the surgical end effector 1100 with a new unfired cartridge 1110 properly installed therein. As can be seen in those Figures, the sled assembly 1120 includes an unlocking feature 1126 that corresponds to each of the laterally movable locking portion 1654. In the illustrated arrangement, an unlocking feature 1126 is provided on or extends proximally from each of the central wedge-shaped cams 1122. In alternative arrangements, the unlocking feature 1126 may comprise a proximally protruding portion of the corresponding wedge-shaped cam 1122. As can be seen in FIG. 18, when the sled assembly 1120 is in its starting position, the unlocking features 1124 engage and bias the corresponding locking portions 1654 laterally in a direction that is transverse to the shaft axis SA. When the locking portions 1654 are in those unlocked orientations, the central retainer features 1680 are not in retaining engagement with their corresponding locking window 1658. When in those orientations, the firing member 1660 may be distally axially advanced (fired). However, when a cartridge is not present in the elongate channel 1102 or the sled assembly has been moved out of its starting position (meaning the cartridge is partially or completely fired), the locking portions 1654 spring laterally into retaining engagement with the firing member 1660. When in that position as illustrated in FIG. 19, the firing member 1660 cannot be moved distally.

FIGS. 16 and 17 illustrate the retraction of the firing member 1660 back to the starting position after firing the cartridge 1110 and driving the sled assembly 1120 distally. FIG. 16 depicts the initial reengagement of the retaining feature 1680 into its corresponding locking window 1658. FIG. 17 illustrates the retaining feature in its locked position when the firing member 1660 has been fully retracted back to its starting position. To assist in the lateral displacement of the locking portions 1654 when they are each initially contacted by the proximally moving retaining features 1680, each of the retaining features 1680 may be provided with a proximally facing, laterally tapered end portion. Such lockout system prevents actuation of the firing member 1660 when a new unfired cartridge is not present or when a new unfired cartridge is present, but has not been properly seated in the elongate channel 1102. In addition, the lockout system may prevent the clinician from distally advancing the firing member in the case where a spent or partially fired cartridge has been inadvertently properly seated within the elongate channel. Another advantage that may be provided by the lockout system 1650 is that, unlike other firing member lock out arrangements that require movement of the firing member into and out of alignment with the corresponding slots/passages in the staple cartridge, the firing member 1660 remains in alignment with the cartridge passages while in the locked and unlocked position. The locking portions 1654 are designed to move laterally into and out of engagement with corresponding sides of the firing member. Such lateral movement of the locking portions or portion is distinguishable from other locking arrangements that move in vertical directions to engage and disengage portions of the firing member.

Returning to FIGS. 13 and 14, in one form, the anvil 1130 includes an elongated anvil body portion 1132 and a proximal anvil mounting portion 1150. The elongated anvil body portion 1132 includes an outer surface 1134 that defines two downwardly extending tissue stop members 1136 that are adjacent to the proximal anvil mounting portion 1150. The elongated anvil body portion 1132 also includes an underside 1135 that defines an elongate anvil slot 1138. In the illustrated arrangement shown in FIG.14, the anvil slot 1138 is centrally disposed in the underside 1135. The underside 1135 includes three rows 1140, 1141, 1142 of staple forming pockets 1143, 1144 and 1145 located on each side of the anvil slot 1138. Adjacent each side of the anvil slot 1138 are two elongate anvil passages 1146. Each passage 1146 has a proximal ramp portion 1148. See FIG. 13. As the firing member 1660 is advanced distally, the top anvil engagement features 1632 initially enter the corresponding proximal ramp portions 1148 and into the corresponding elongate anvil passages 1146.

Turning to FIGS. 12 and 13, the anvil slot 1138, as well as the proximal ramp portion 1148, extend into the anvil mounting portion 1150. Stated another way, the anvil slot 1138 divides or bifurcates the anvil mounting portion 1150 into two anvil attachment flanges 1151. The anvil attachments flanges 1151 are coupled together at their proximal ends by a connection bridge 1153. The connection bridge 1153 serves to provide support to the anvil attachment flanges 1151 and can serve to make the anvil mounting portion 1150 more rigid than the mounting portions of other anvil arrangements wherein the anvil attachment flanges are not connected at their proximal ends. As can also be seen in FIGS. 12 and 14, the anvil slot 1138 has a wide portion 1139 to accommodate the top portion and top anvil engagement features 1632 of the firing member 1660.

As can be seen in FIGS. 13 and 20-24, each of the anvil attachment flanges 1151 includes a transverse mounting hole 1156 that is configured to receive a pivot pin 1158 (FIGS. 10 and 20) therethrough. The anvil mounting portion 1150 is pivotally pinned to the proximal end 1103 of the elongate channel 1102 by the pivot pin 1158 which extends through mounting holes 1107 in the proximal end 1103 of the elongate channel 1102 and the mounting hole 1156 in anvil mounting portion 1150. Such arrangement serves to pivotally affix the anvil 1130 to the elongate channel 1102 for selective pivotal travel about a fixed anvil axis A-A which is transverse to the shaft axis SA. See FIG. 5. The anvil mounting portion 1150 also includes a cam surface 1152 that extends from a centralized firing member parking area 1154 to the outer surface 1134 of the anvil body portion 1132.

In the illustrated arrangement, the anvil 1130 is moved between an open position and closed positions by axially advancing and retracting the distal closure tube segment 1430. As will be discussed in further detail below, a distal end portion of the distal closure tube segment 1430 has an internal cam surface formed thereon that is configured to cammingly engage the cam surface 1552 or cam surfaces formed on the anvil mounting portion 1150. FIG. 22 illustrates a cam surface 1152 a formed on the anvil mounting portion 1150 so as to establish a single contact path 1155 a with the internal cam surface 1444, for example, on the distal closure tube segment 1430. FIG. 23 illustrates a cam surface 1152 b that is configured relative to the internal cam surface 1444 on the distal closure tube segment to establish two separate and distinct arcuate contact paths 1155 b between the cam surface 1152 on the anvil mounting portion 1150 and internal cam surface 1444 on the distal closure tube segment 1430. In addition to other potential advantages discussed herein, such arrangement may serve to better distribute the closure forces from the distal closure tube segment 1430 to the anvil 1130. FIG. 24 illustrates a cam surface 1152 c that is configured relative to the internal cam surface 1444 of the distal closure tube segment 1430 to establish three distinct zones of contact 1155 c and 1155 d between the cam surfaces on the anvil mounting portion 1150 and the distal closure tube segment 1430. The zones 1155 c, 1155 d establish larger areas of camming contact between the cam surface or cam surfaces on the distal closure tube segment 1430 and the anvil mounting portion 1150 and may serve to better distribute the closure forces to the anvil 1130.

As the distal closure tube segment 1430 cammingly engages the anvil mounting portion 1150 of the anvil 1130, the anvil 1130 is pivoted about the anvil axis AA which results in the pivotal movement of the distal end of the end 1133 of elongate anvil body portion 1132 toward the surgical staple cartridge 1110 and distal end 1105 of the elongate channel 1102. As the anvil body portion 1132 begins to pivot, it contacts the tissue that is to be cut and stapled which is now positioned between the underside 1135 of the elongate anvil body portion 1132 and the deck 1116 of the surgical staple cartridge 1110. As the anvil body portion 1132 is compressed onto the tissue, the anvil 1130 may experience considerable amounts of resistive forces. These resistive forces are overcome as the distal closure tube 1430 continues its distal advancement. However, depending upon their magnitudes and points of application to the anvil body portion 1132, these resistive forces could tend to cause portions of the anvil 1130 to flex which may generally be undesirable. For example, such flexure may cause misalignment between the firing member 1660 and the passages 1148, 1146 within the anvil 1130. In instances wherein the flexure is excessive, such flexure could significantly increase the amount of firing force required to fire the instrument (i.e., drive the firing member 1660 through the tissue from its starting to ending position). Such excessive firing force may result in damage to the end effector, and/or the firing member, and/or the knife bar, and/or the firing drive system components, etc. Thus, it may be advantageous for the anvil to be constructed so as to resist such flexure.

FIGS. 25-27 illustrate an alternative anvil embodiment that includes features that may improve the stiffness of the anvil body and its resistance to flexure forces that may be generated during the closing and/or firing processes. The anvil 1130′ may otherwise be identical in construction to the anvil 1130 described above except for the differences discussed herein. As can be seen in those Figures, the anvil 1130′ has an elongate anvil body 1132′ that has an upper body portion 1165 that has an anvil cap 1170 attached thereto. In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 25-27, the anvil cap 1170 is roughly rectangular in shape and has an outer cap perimeter 1172. The perimeter 1172 of the anvil cap 1170 is configured to be inserted through the correspondingly-shaped opening 1137 formed in the upper body portion 1165 and received on axially extending internal ledge portions 1139 formed therein. See FIG. 27. The internal ledge portions 1139 are configured to support the corresponding long sides 1177 of the anvil cap 1170. In an alternative embodiment, the anvil cap 1170 may be slide onto the internal ledges 1139 through an opening (not shown) in the distal end 1133 of the anvil body 1132′. In yet another embodiment, no internal ledge portions are provided. The anvil body 1132′ and the anvil cap 1170 may be fabricated from suitable metal that is conducive to welding. A first weld 1178 may extend around the entire cap perimeter 1172 of the anvil cap 1170 or it may only be located along the long sides 1177 of the anvil cap 1170 and not the distal end 1173 and/or proximal end 1175 thereof. The first weld 1178 may be continuous or it may be discontinuous or intermittent. In those embodiments where the first weld 1178 is discontinuous or intermittent, the weld segments may be equally distributed along the long sides 1177 of the anvil cap 1170 or the weld segments may be more densely spaced closer to the distal ends of the long sides 1177 or more densely spaced closer to the proximal ends of the long sides 1177. In still other arrangements, the weld segments may be more densely spaced in the center areas of the long sides 1177 of the anvil cap 1170.

FIGS. 28-30 illustrate an anvil cap 1170′ that is configured to be “mechanically interlocked” to the anvil body 1132′ as well as welded to the upper body portion 1165. In this embodiment, a plurality of retention formations 1182 are formed into the wall 1180 of the upper body portion 1165 that defines opening 1137. As used in this context, the term “mechanically interlocked” means that the anvil cap will remain affixed to the elongate anvil body regardless of the orientation of the elongate anvil body and without any additional retaining or fastening such as welding and/or adhesive, for example. The retention formations 1182 may protrude inwardly into the opening 1137 from the opening wall 1180. The retention formations 1182 may be integrally formed into the wall 1180 or otherwise be attached thereto. The retention formations 1182 are designed to frictionally engage a corresponding portion of the anvil cap 1170′ when it is installed in the opening 1137 to frictionally retain the anvil cap 1170′ therein. In the illustrated embodiment, the retention formations 1182 protrude inwardly into the opening 1137 and are configured to be frictionally received within a correspondingly shaped engagement area 1184 formed in the outer perimeter 1172′ of the anvil cap 1170′. In the illustrated arrangement, the retention formations 1182 only correspond to the long sides 1177′ of the anvil cap 1170′ and are not provided in the portions of the wall 1180 that correspond to the distal end 1173 or proximal end 1175 of the anvil cap 1170′. In alternative arrangements, the retention formations 1182 may also be provided in the portions of the wall 1180 that correspond to the distal end 1173 and proximal end 1175 of the anvil cap 1170′ as wall as the long sides 1177′ thereof. In still other arrangements, the retention formations 1182 may only be provided in the portions of the wall 1180 that correspond to one or both of the distal and proximal ends 1173, 1175 of the anvil cap 1170′. In still other arrangements, the retention formations 1182 may be provided in the portions of the wall 1180 corresponding to the long sides 1177′ and only one of the proximal and distal ends 1173, 1175 of the anvil cap 1170′. It will be further understood that the retention protrusions in all of the foregoing embodiments may be alternatively formed on the anvil cap with the engagement areas being formed in the elongate anvil body.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 28-30, the retention formations 1182 are equally spaced or equally distributed along the wall portions 1180 that correspond to the long sides 1177′ of the anvil cap 1170′. In alternative embodiments, the retention formations 1182 may be more densely spaced closer to the distal ends of the long sides 1177′ or more densely spaced closer to the proximal ends of the long sides 1177′. Stated another way, the spacing between those retention formations adjacent the distal end, the proximal end or both the distal and proximal ends may be less than the spacing of the formations located in the central portion of the anvil cap 1170′. In still other arrangements, the retention formations 1182 may be more densely spaced in the center areas of the long sides 1177′ of the anvil cap 1170′. Also in alternative embodiments, the correspondingly shaped engagement areas 1184 may not be provided in the outer perimeter 1172′ or in portions of the outer perimeter 1172′ of the anvil cap 1170′. In other embodiments, the retention formations and correspondingly shaped engagement areas may be provided with different shapes and sizes. In alternative arrangements, the retention formations may be sized relative to the engagement areas so that there is no interference fit therebetween. In such arrangements, the anvil cap may be retained in position by welding, adhesive, etc.

In the illustrated example, a weld 1178′ may extend around the entire perimeter 1172′ of the anvil cap 1170′ or the weld 1178′ may only be located along the long sides 1177′ of the anvil cap 1170′ and not the distal end 1173 and/or proximal end 1175 thereof. The weld 1178′ may be continuous or it may be discontinuous or intermittent. In those embodiments where the weld 1178′ is discontinuous or intermittent, the weld segments may be equally distributed along the long sides 1177′ of the anvil cap 1170′ or the weld segments may be more densely spaced closer to the distal ends of the long sides 1177′ or more densely spaced closer to the proximal ends of the long sides 1177′. In still other arrangements, the weld segments may be more densely spaced in the center areas of the long sides 1177′ of the anvil cap 1170′.

FIGS. 31 and 32 illustrate another anvil arrangement 1130″ that is has an anvil cap 1170″ attached thereto. In the depicted example, the anvil cap 1170″ is roughly rectangular in shape and has an outer cap perimeter 1172″. The outer cap perimeter 1172″ is configured to be inserted through the correspondingly-shaped opening 1137″ in upper body portion 1165 of the anvil body 1132″ and received on axially extending internal ledge portions 1139″ and 1190″ formed therein. See FIG. 32. The ledge portions 1139″ and 1190″ are configured to support the corresponding long sides 1177″ of the anvil cap 1170″. In an alternative embodiment, the anvil cap 1170″ may be slid onto the internal ledges 1139″ and 1190″ through an opening (not shown) in the distal end 1133″ of the anvil body 1132′. The anvil body 1132″ and the anvil cap 1170″ may be fabricated from metal material that is conducive to welding. A first weld 1178″ may extend around the entire perimeter 1172″ of the anvil cap 1170″ or it may only be located along the long sides 1177″ of the anvil cap 1170″ and not the distal end 1173″ and/or proximal end (not shown) thereof. The weld 1178″ may be continuous or it may be discontinuous or intermittent. It will be appreciated that the continuous weld embodiment has more weld surface area due to the irregularly shape perimeter of the anvil cap 1170″ as compared to the embodiments with a straight perimeter sides such as the anvil caps shown in FIG. 26, for example. In those embodiments where the weld 1178″ is discontinuous or intermittent, the weld segments may be equally distributed along the long sides 1177″ of the anvil cap 1170″ or the weld segments may be more densely spaced closer to the distal ends of the long sides 1177″ or more densely spaced closer to the proximal ends of the long sides 1177″. In still other arrangements, the weld segments may be more densely spaced in the center areas of the long sides 1177″ of the anvil cap 1170″.

Still referring to FIGS. 31 and 32, the anvil cap 1170″ may be additionally welded to the anvil body 1132″ by a plurality of second discrete “deep” welds 1192″. For example, each weld 1192″ may be placed at the bottom of a corresponding hole or opening 1194″ provided through the anvil cap 1170″ so that a discrete weld 1192″ may be formed along the portion of the anvil body 1132″ between the ledges 1190″ and 1139″. See FIG. 32. The welds 1192″ may be equally distributed along the long sides 1177″ of the anvil cap 1170″ or the welds 1192″ may be more densely spaced closer to the distal ends of the long sides 1177″ or more densely spaced closer to the proximal ends of the long sides 1177″. In still other arrangements, the welds 1192″ may be more densely spaced in the center areas of the long sides 1177″ of the anvil cap 1170″.

FIG. 33 illustrates another anvil cap 1170′″ that is configured to be mechanically interlocked to the anvil body 1132′″ as well as welded to the upper body portion 1165. In this embodiment, a “tongue-in-groove” arrangement is employed along each long side 1177′″ of the anvil cap 1170′″. In particular, a laterally extending continuous or intermittent tab 1195′″ protrudes from each of the long sides 1177′″ of the anvil cap 1170′″. Each tab 1195′ corresponds to an axial slot 1197′″ formed in the anvil body 1132′″. The anvil cap 1170′″ is slid in from an opening (not shown) in the distal end of the anvil body 1132′″ to “mechanically” affix the anvil cap to the anvil body 1132′″. The tabs 1195′″ and slots 1197′″ may be sized relative to each other to establish a sliding frictional fit therebetween. In addition, the anvil cap 1170′″ may be welded to the anvil body 1132′″. The anvil body 1132′″ and the anvil cap 1170′″ may be fabricated from metal that is conducive to welding. The weld 1178′″ may extend around the entire perimeter 1172′″ of the anvil cap 1170′″ or it may only be located along the long sides 1177′″ of the anvil cap 1170′″. The weld 1178′″ may be continuous or it may be discontinuous or intermittent. In those embodiments where the weld 1178′″ is discontinuous or intermittent, the weld segments may be equally distributed along the long sides 1177′″ of the anvil cap 1170′″ or the weld segments may be more densely spaced closer to the distal ends of the long sides 1177′″ or more densely spaced closer to the proximal ends of the long sides 1177′″. In still other arrangements, the weld segments may be more densely spaced in the center areas of the long sides 1177′″ of the anvil cap 1170′″.

The anvil embodiments described herein with anvil caps may provide several advantages. One advantage for example, may make the anvil and firing member assembly process easier. That is, the firing member may be installed through the opening in the anvil body while the anvil is attached to the elongate channel. Another advantage is that the upper cap may improve the anvil's stiffness and resistance to the above-mentioned flexure forces that may be experienced when clamping tissue. By resisting such flexure, the frictional forces normally encountered by the firing member 1660 may be reduced. Thus, the amount of firing force required to drive the firing member from its starting to ending position in the surgical staple cartridge may also be reduced.

As indicated above, as the anvil 1130 begins to pivot, the anvil body 1132 contacts the tissue that is to be cut and stapled which is positioned between the undersurface of the elongate anvil body 1132 and the deck of the surgical staple cartridge 1110. As the anvil body 1132 is compressed onto the tissue, the anvil 1130 may experience considerable amounts of resistive forces. To continue the closure process, these resistive forces must be overcome by the distal closure tube segment 1430 as it cammingly contacts the anvil mounting portion 1150. These resistive forces may be generally applied to the distal closure tube segment 1430 in the vertical directions V which, if excessive, could conceivably cause the distal closure tube segment 1430 to expand or elongate in the vertical direction (distance ID in FIG. 31 may increase). If the distal closure tube 1430 elongates in the vertical directions, the distal closure tube segment 1430 may not be able to effectively close the anvil 1130 and retain the anvil 1130 in the fully closed position. If that condition occurs, the firing member 1660 may encounter dramatically higher resistance which will then require higher firing forces to distally advance the firing member.

FIGS. 34 and 35 illustrate one form of a closure member for applying a closure motion to a movable jaw of a surgical instrument. In the illustrated arrangement, the closure member comprises, for example, a distal closure tube segment 1430 that has a closure body portion 1470. As discussed above, one form of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 is configured so as to facilitate selective articulation of the surgical end effector 1100. To facilitate such articulation, the distal closure tube segment 1430 is movably coupled to the proximal closure tube segment 1410 by means of an upper tang 1434 and a lower tang 1436 and upper and lower double pivot links 1220 and 1222. See FIG. 10. In one arrangement, the distal closure tube segment 1430 may be machined or otherwise formed from round bar stock manufactured from, for example, suitable metal material. In the illustrated arrangement, the closure body 1470 has an outer surface 1431 and an inner surface 1433 that defines an upper wall portion 1440 that has an upper wall cross-sectional thickness UWT and a lower wall portion 1442 that has a lower wall thickness LWT. The upper wall portion 1440 is located above the shaft axis SA and the lower wall portion 1442 is located below the shaft axis SA. The distal end 1441 of the upper wall portion 1440 has an internal cam surface 1444 formed thereon at a cam angle Θ. Also in the illustrated embodiment, UWT>LWT which serves to provide a longer internal cam surface 1444 than might other wise be attainable if the distal closure tube segment has a uniform wall thickness. A long internal cam surface may be advantageous for transferring the closure forces to the cam surface(s) on the anvil mounting portion 1150. As can also be seen in FIGS. 34 and 35, the transitional sidewalls 1446, 1448 that are located on each side of the shaft axis SA between the upper wall portion 1440 and the lower wall portion 1442 comprise generally flat, vertically extending internal sidewall surfaces 1451, 1453 that may be generally parallel to each other. The transitional sidewalls 1446, 1448 each have a wall thickness that transitions from the upper wall thickness to the lower wall thickness.

In the illustrated arrangement, the distal closure tube segment 1430 also includes positive jaw or anvil opening features 1462 that correspond to each of the sidewalls 1446 and 1448 and protrude inwardly therefrom. As can be seen in FIGS. 34 and 35, the anvil opening features 1462 are formed on a lateral mounting body 1460 that sized to be received within a correspondingly-shaped cavity 1447, 1449 machined or otherwise formed in the transitional sidewalls 1446, 1448 adjacent the distal end 1438 of the distal closure tube segment 1430. The positive anvil opening features 1462 extend inwardly through corresponding openings 1450, 1452 in the transitional sidewalls 1446, 1448. In the illustrated arrangement, the lateral mounting bodies 1460 are welded to the distal closure tube segment 1430 with welds 1454. In addition to the welds or in alternative to the welds, the lateral mounting bodies 1460 may be retained in place with a mechanical/frictional fit, tongue-in-groove arrangements, adhesive, etc.

FIGS. 36-41 illustrate one example of the use of the distal closure tube segment 1430 to move the anvil 1130 from a fully closed position to a fully open position. FIGS. 36 and 39 illustrate the position of the distal closure tube segment 1430 and, more particularly the position of one of the positive anvil opening features 1462 when the distal closure tube segment 1430 is in the fully closed position. In the illustrated example, an anvil opening ramp 1162 is formed on the underside of each of the anvil attachment flanges 1151. When the anvil 1130 and the distal closure tube segment 1430 are in their fully closed positions shown in FIG. 36, each of the positive anvil opening features 1462 is located in a cavity 1164 that is established between the anvil opening ramps 1162 and the bottom portion of the elongate channel 1102. When in that position, the positive anvil opening features 1462 do not contact the anvil mounting portion 1150 or at least do not apply any significant opening motions or forces thereto. FIGS. 37 and 40 illustrate the positions of the anvil 1130 and the distal closure tube segment 1430 upon the initial application of an opening motion in the proximal direction PD to the distal closure tube segment 1430. As can be seen in FIG. 37, the positive jaw opening features 1462 have initially contacted the anvil opening ramps 1164 to cause the anvil 1130 to start pivoting to an open position. In the illustrated arrangement, each of the positive anvil opening features 1462 has a ramped or rounded distal end 1463 to facilitate better camming contact with the corresponding anvil opening ramp 1162. In FIGS. 38 and 41, the distal closure tube segment 1430 has been retracted back to its fully retracted position which has caused the positive anvil opening features 1462 to be driven to the distal ends of the anvil opening ramps 1162 which causes the anvil 1130 to be pivoted to its fully open position as shown therein. Other embodiments may not employ the positive jaw opening features, but may rely on springs or other biasing arrangements to bias the anvil to the open position when the distal closure tube segment has been retracted to its proximal-most starting position.

FIGS. 42 and 43 illustrate another closure member for applying closure motions to a movable jaw of a surgical instrument. In this example, the closure member comprises a distal closure tube segment 1430′ that may be similar to the distal closure tube segment 1430 without the positive anvil opening features. The distal closure tube segment 1430′ has a closure body 1470′ that has an outer surface 1440′ and an inner surface 1433′ that define an upper wall portion 1440′ and a lower wall portion 1442′. As indicated above, it may be desirable to employ as large of internal camming surface 1444′ as possible in order to maximize the camming contact with the camming surface on the anvil mounting portion 1150 to thereby effectively transfer the closure forces thereto. Thus, the upper wall portion 1440′ of the distal closure tube segment 1430′ may be provided with the thickest wall thickness UWT and the lower portion of the distal closure tube segment 1430′ may have the thinnest wall thickness LWT. For reference purposes, the UWT and LWT are measured along a common reference line that extends through a center axis or point C of the distal closure tube segment 1430′. Thus, where UWT is diametrically opposite from LWT, UWT>LWT. Such wall thickness arrangements facilitate formation of a longer internal camming surface 1444′.

As can be seen in FIG. 43, the distal closure tube segment 1430′ has an outer surface 1431′ that has circular cross-sectional shape. The distal closure tube segment 1430′ may be machined from solid bar stock. In the illustrated example, internal radius R₁ from a first center axis A_(inner) extends to the inner surface 1433′ and the outer radius R₂ from a second center axis A_(outer) extends to the outer surface 1431′. In the illustrated example, axis A_(inner) is offset by distance OR from axis A_(outer) and R₂>R₁.

FIG. 44 illustrates another closure member for applying closure motions to a movable jaw of a surgical instrument. In this example, the closure member comprises a distal closure tube segment 1430″ that has a closure body 1470″. The closure body 1470″ has an outer surface 1431′ and an inner surface 1433″ that define an upper wall portion 1440″ that has an upper wall thickness UWT and a lower wall portion 1442″ that has a lower wall thickness LWT and two sidewall portions 1435′ that each has a sidewall thickness SWT. In the illustrated example, UWT>LWT. In addition, SWT>UWT. Thus, SWT>UWT>LWT. In the illustrated arrangement, sidewall portions 1435′ have the same sidewall thickness SWT. In other arrangements, the sidewall portions 1435′ may have different thicknesses. As can be seen in FIG. 44, each sidewall portion 1435′ defines an internal, vertically extending internal surface portion 1437′. In the illustrated embodiment, the vertically extending internal surface portions are approximately parallel to each other. Such thicker vertical sidewall portions 1435′ may help to prevent or at least minimize the vertical elongation of the distal closure tube segment 1430″ when in use.

In the example depicted in FIG. 45, R₁ and R₂ are measured from a common center point or center axis C and R₁>R₂. Each of the sidewall portions 1435″ of the closure body portion 1470′″ of the distal closure tube segment 1430′″ that extend between the upper portion 1431″ and 1433″ have a sidewall thickness SWT that is approximately equal to the UWT at points along a horizontal reference line HR. The horizontal reference line HR is perpendicular to a vertical reference line VR that extends through the center axis C and along which the UWT and LWT may be measured and compared. Thus, SWT=UWT. In other examples, SWT, when measured along the horizontal reference line HR may be slightly less than the UWT. The SWT may continue to decrease until the side wall portions 1435′ transition into the lower portion 1433′ that has a constant lower wall thickness LWT. Thus, the inner sidewalls 1437″ extend at an angle A₂ when measured from a corresponding vertical reference axis VR′ that is perpendicular to the horizontal reference axis HR and parallel to vertical reference axis VR.

FIG. 46 illustrates another closure member for applying closure motions to a movable jaw of a surgical instrument. In this example, the closure member comprises a distal closure tube segment 1430″ that has a closure body 1470″ that has a round outer surface 1431″ and a rectangular shaped internal passage 1439 extending therethrough. The outer surface 1431″ is located a distance R from the geometric center point or center axis C. When measured along a vertical reference axis VR that extends through the center point or center axis C as shown, the upper wall thickness UWT is equal to the lower wall thickness LWT. When measure along a horizontal reference axis HR that extends through the center point or center axis C and which is perpendicular to the vertical reference axis VR, the thicknesses SWT of the sidewall portions 1437″ are greater than the upper wall and lower wall thicknesses UWT and LWT. Thus, SWT is greater than UWT and LWT. Stated another way, the portion of the distal closure tube segment 1430″ located above the horizontal reference line HR is a mirror image of the portion of the distal closure tube segment 1430″ located below the horizontal reference line HR. In this example, the side portions 1437″ are thicker than the upper and lower wall portions and may tend to prevent or minimize the tendency of the distal closure tube segment to elongate in the vertical directions. The internal camming surface may be formed on the distal end of the upper wall portion 1440″.

In the illustrated arrangement, the anvil 1130 is moved between open and closed positions by distally advancing the distal closure tube segment 1430. As can be seen in FIG. 41, when the anvil 1130 is in the fully open position, the distal ends 1163 of the anvil attachment flanges 1151 may extend above the deck surface 1116 of the staple cartridge 1110. When the closure process is commenced by distally advancing the distal closure tube segment in the distal direction DD, the distal ends 1163 of the anvil attachment flanges 1151 extend past the deck surface 1116 of the staple cartridge 1110 to thereby prevent infiltration of tissue therebetween which might hamper the closure process. See FIG. 40. Once the anvil 1130 has been moved to the fully closed position by the distal closure tube segment 1430, the distal ends 1461 of the lateral mounting bodies on the distal closure tube segment 1430 further act as tissue stops to prevent tissue from infiltrating therebetween. See FIG. 41.

FIG. 47 depicts portion of a surgical end effector 110′ that may be similar to the surgical end effector 110 of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 100 of FIGS. 1 and 2. In the example illustrated in FIG. 47, the anvil 114 includes an elongate body portion 190 and an anvil mounting portion 192. The anvil mounting portion 192 comprises two spaced anvil mounting flanges 194 that protrude proximally from the elongate body portion 190. Each anvil mounting flange 194 has an outwardly extending trunnion 196 thereon. The trunnions 196 are each movably received within a corresponding kidney slot or elongated arcuate trunnion slot 197 that is provided in the elongate channel 112. When the anvil 114 is in a “fully opened” position, the trunnions 196 are generally located in the bottom portions 198 of the elongated arcuate trunnion slots 197. The anvil 114 can be moved to a closed position by distally advancing the distal closure tube segment 142 in the distal direction DD so that the end 148 of the distal closure tube segment 142 rides up a cam surface 193 that is formed on the anvil mounting portion 192 of the anvil 114. As the distal end 148 of the distal closure tube segment 142 is distally advanced along a cam surface 193 on the anvil mounting portion 192, the distal closure tube segment 142 causes the body portion 190 of the anvil 114 to pivot and move axially relative to the surgical staple cartridge 116. When the distal closure tube segment 142 reaches the end of its closure stroke, the distal end 148 of the distal closure tube segment 142 abuts/contacts an abrupt anvil ledge 191 and serves to position the anvil 114 so that the forming pockets (not shown) in the underside of the body portion 190 are properly aligned with the staples in the cartridge. The anvil ledge 191 is defined between the cam surface 193 on the anvil mounting portion 192 and the elongate anvil body portion 190. Stated another way, in this arrangement, the cam surface 193 does not extend to the outermost surface 195 of the anvil body 190. After the distal closure tube 142 has reached this fully extended position, any further application of closure motions/forces to the anvil 114, may cause damage to the anvil and/or the closure system components. As can be seen in FIG. 47, in this arrangement, the closure force F_(H) is parallel to the shaft axis SA. The distance between an axis or plane T_(A) passing through the centers of the trunnions 196 to the closure force vector F_(H) is represented as distance X_(R). This distance X_(R) times the closure force F_(H) represents a closure moment C_(M) that is applied to the anvil 114.

FIGS. 48 and 49 illustrate the closure force configurations for an anvil 1130 of a surgical end effector 1100 of the interchangeable tool assembly 1000. As indicated above, the anvil trunnions 1158 are pivotally mounted within holes 1154 in the elongate channel 1102. Unlike the anvil 114 described above, the anvil 1130 does not move axially. Instead, the anvil 1130 is constrained to only pivot about the anvil axis AA. As the distal closure tube segment 1430 is advanced in the distal direction DD under the horizontal closure force F_(H1), the interaction between the internal cam surface 1444 on the distal closure tube segment 1430 and the cam surface 1152 on the anvil mounting portion 1150 results in the distal closure tube segment 1430 experiencing a vertical closure force component V_(F). The resultant force vector F_(N) experienced by the cam surface 1152 on the anvil mounting portion 1150 is “normal to” or perpendicular to the internal cam surface 1444. Angle Θ in FIGS. 48 and 49 represents the angle of the camming surface 1152 as a well as the internal camming surface 1440 to the horizontal. The distance between this resultant force vector F_(N) and an axis or plane T_(A) that extends through the centers of the anvil trunnions 1158 is represented as moment arm M_(A). This moment arm distance M_(A) times the resultant force vector F_(N) represents a closure moment C_(M1) that is applied to the anvil 1130. Thus, in applications wherein the horizontal closure forces F_(H)=F_(H1), the actual amount of closure torque applied to anvil 1130 will be greater than the amount of closure torque applied to the anvil 114 because M_(A)>X_(R) and therefor the closure moment applied to the anvil 1130 will be greater than the closure moment applied to the anvil 114. FIG. 49 also illustrates the resistive forces established by the tissue during the closure process. F_(T) represents the force generated by the tissue when the tissue is clamped between the anvil and the staple cartridge. This “counter” moment M_(T) that is applied to the anvil 1130 equals the distance X_(T) between the tissue force T_(F) and the axis or plane T_(A) that extends through the centers of the anvil trunnions 1158 times the tissue force T_(F). Thus, in order to achieve a desired amount of anvil closure, C_(M1) must be greater than M_(T).

Returning to the example depicted in FIG. 47, it can be seen that the firing bar 170 is attached to a firing member 174 that, when in a starting or unfired position, is located within the elongate channel 112 and, more particularly, is located completely distal to the distal closure tube segment 142 in a position wherein a top portion 175 of the firing member 174 is in contact with a portion of the anvil 114. Because the firing member 174 is located in a position wherein the top portion 175 thereof can contact the anvil as the anvil 114 is moved to the closed position, such arrangement may result in the need for higher closure forces to move the anvil 114 to a completely or fully closed position. In addition, when the firing system is activated, higher firing forces may be required to overcome the frictional interference between the top portion 175 of the firing member 174 and the anvil 114. Conversely as can be seen in FIG. 48, in the end effector 1100, the firing member 1660 is “parked” in the firing member parking area 1154 that is within the distal closure tube segment 1430. When the firing member 1660 is located within the firing member parking area 1154 within the distal closure tube segment 1430, it is unable to generate significant frictional forces with the anvil. Thus, one of the advantages that may be achieved by parking the firing member 1660 completely within the distal closure tube segment 1430 may be the reduction of the amount of closure force necessary to close the anvil to a fully closed position and/or a reduction in the amount of firing force needed to advance the firing member from the starting to ending position within the end effector. Stated another way, parking the firing member 1660 so that the firing member 1660 is completely proximal to the distal end of the distal closure tube segment 1430 and the internal cam surface 1444 thereon and in a starting position wherein any frictional contact between the firing member and the anvil is eliminated or reduced, may ultimately require lower closure and firing forces to be generated for operation of the end effector.

As discussed above, excessive flexure of the anvil during the closure and firing processes can lead to the need for undesirably higher firing forces. Thus, stiffer anvil arrangements are generally desirable. Returning to FIGS. 20 and 21, another advantage that may be provided by the anvil 1130 and elongate channel 1102 depicted therein is that the anvil mounting portion 1150 of the anvil 1130 is generally more robust and therefor stiffer than other anvil and elongate channel arrangements. FIG. 50 illustrates use of stiffener gussets 199 between the anvil mounting flanges 194 and the elongate anvil body portion 190. Similar gusset arrangements may also be employed between the anvil attachment flanges 1151 and anvil body 1132 of anvil 1130 to further enhance anvil stiffness.

As indicated above, the interchangeable surgical tool 1000 includes an elastic spine member 1520. As can be seen in FIGS. 6, 7, 7A, 8 and 51-54, the distal end portion 1522 of the elastic spine member 1520 is separated from the proximal end portion 1524 of the elastic spine member 15 by a stretch feature 1530 formed in the elastic spine member 1520. In addition, a stretch limiting insert 1540 is retainingly supported between the distal end portion 1522 and the proximal end portion 1524. In various arrangements, the elastic spine member 1520 may be fabricated from, for example, suitable polymeric material, rubber, etc. which has a modulus of elasticity designated as ME₁ for reference purposes. The stretch feature 1530 may include a plurality of stretch cavities 1532. As can be seen in FIG. 7A, the illustrated stretch feature 1530 includes four triangular-shaped stretch cavities 1532 that are arranged to define some what flexible wall segments 1534 therebetween. Other shapes and numbers of stretch cavities 1532 may be employed. The stretch cavities 1532 may be molded or machined into the elastic spine member 1520, for example.

Still referring to FIGS. 6, 7 and 51-54, the stretch limiting insert 1540 comprises a body portion 1541 which has a modulus of elasticity designated as ME₂ for reference purposes. As can be seen in FIG. 6, the body portion 1541 includes two downwardly extending mounting lugs 1542 that are each configured to be seated into mounting cavities 1535 formed in the elastic spine member 1520. See also FIG. 7A. To provide the stretch limiting insert 1540 with a desired amount of stretch capacity and elasticity, the body portion 1541 in the illustrated arrangement is provided with a plurality of upper cavities 1543. The illustrated example includes four upper cavities 1543 that are relatively square or rectangular in shape and which are spaced to define flexible walls 1544 therebetween. Other embodiments may include other numbers and shapes of upper cavities. The body portion 1541 of the illustrated stretch limiting insert 1540 also includes a centrally disposed, downwardly protruding central lug portion 1545 that is configured to be seated in a central cavity 1536 above the stretch feature 1530. See FIG. 7A. In the illustrated example, the central lug portion 1545 includes a pair of central passages 1546 that extend laterally therethrough to define a flexible wall 1547 therebetween.

Also in the illustrated example, the stretch limiting insert 1540 includes an elongated lateral cavity 1548 that is positioned on each lateral side of the body portion 1541. Only one lateral cavity 1548 may be seen in FIGS. 6 and 51-54. Each elongated lateral cavity 1548 is configured to support a corresponding stretch limiter 1550 therein. Thus, in the described example, two stretch limiters 1550 are employed in the stretch limiting insert 1540. In at least one arrangement, the stretch limiter 1550 includes an elongate body portion 1552 that terminates on each end with a downwardly extending mounting lug 1554. Each mounting lug 1554 is received in a corresponding lug cavity 1549 formed in the body portion 1541. The stretch limiter may have a modulus of elasticity for reference purposes of ME₃. In at least one arrangement, ME₃<ME₂<ME₁.

Actuation of the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 when operably attached to the handle assembly 500 will now be described in further detail with reference to FIGS. 51-54. FIG. 51 illustrates the anvil 1130 in an open position. As can be seen in that Figure, the distal closure tube segment 1430 is in its starting or unactuated position and the positive anvil opening features 1462 have pivoted the anvil 1130 to the open position. In addition, the firing member 1660 is in the unactuated or starting position wherein the upper portion, including the top nose portion 1630, is parked in the firing member parking area 1154 of the anvil mounting portion 1150. When the interchangeable tool assembly 1000 is in this unactuated state, the stretch limiting insert 1540 is in an unstretched state. The axial length of the stretch limiting insert 1540 when in the unstretched state is represented by L_(us) in FIG. 51. L_(us) represents the distance between a reference axis A that corresponds to the proximal end of the body portion 1541 of the stretch limiting insert 1540 and a reference axis B that corresponds to the distal end of the body portion 1541 as shown in FIG. 51. The axis labeled F corresponds to the location of the distal end of the staple cartridge 1110 that has been properly seated within the elongate channel 1102. It will be understood that when the tool assembly 1000 is in this unactuated state, the elastic spine member 1520 is in a relaxed unstretched state.

FIG. 52 illustrates the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 after the closure drive system 510 has been activated as described above to drive the distal closure tube segment 1430 distally in the distal direction DD. As the distal closure tube segment 1430 moves distally, the cam surface 1444 on the distal end 1441 of the upper wall portion 1440 of the distal closure tube segment 1430 cammingly contacts the cam surface 1152 on the anvil mounting portion 1150 and pivots the anvil 1130 to the closed position as shown. The closure drive system 510 moves the distal closure tube segment 1430 through its entire closure stroke distance and then is deactivated and the distal closure tube segment is axially locked or otherwise retained in that position by the closure drive system 510. As the distal closure tube segment 1430 contacts the anvil mounting portion 1150, the closure forces generated by the distal advancement of the distal closure tube segment 1430 on the anvil 1130 will also axially advance the anvil 1130 and the elongate channel 1102 in the distal direction DD. The stretch feature 1530 in the elastic spine 1520 will begin to stretch to accommodate this distal advancement of the elongate channel 1102 and anvil 1130. Axis B as shown in FIG. 52 is a reference axis for the stretch limiting insert 1540 when in a relaxed or unstretched state. Axis C corresponds to the end of the stretch limiting insert 1540 after the stretch limiting insert has been stretched into its maximum elongated stated. The distance L_(s) represents the maximum amount or length that the stretch limiting insert 1540 may elongate. Axis G corresponds to the location of the distal end of the surgical staple cartridge 1110 after the anvil 1130 has been moved to that “first” closed position. The distance L_(T) between reference axes F and G represents the axial distance that the elongate channel 1102 and the anvil 1130 have traveled during actuation of the closure drive system 510. This distance L_(T) may be equal to the distance L_(S) that the stretch limiting insert 1540 was stretched during the closure process as limited by the stretch limiter 1550.

Returning to FIG. 51, it can be noted that there is a space S between each mounting lug 1554 of the stretch limiter 1550 and the inner walls 1551 of each of the lug cavities 1549 prior to commencement of the closure process. As can be seen in FIG. 52 the spaces S are gone. That is, each of the mounting lugs 1554 abuts its corresponding cavity wall 1549 in the stretch limiting insert 1540. Thus the stretch limiter 1550 serves to limit the amount of elongation experienced by the stretch limiting insert 1540 which in turn limits the amount of distal travel of the elongate channel 1102 and anvil 1130 relative to the proximal end portion 1524 of the elastic spine 1520. The distal closure tube 1430 is axially locked in position by the closure drive system 510. When in that position, the anvil 1130 is retained in a “first” closed position relative to the surgical staple cartridge 1110. Because the firing drive system 530 has yet to be actuated, the firing member 1660 has not moved and remains parked in the firing member parking area 1154. The position of the underside of the anvil 1130 when in the “first” closed position is represented by axis K in FIGS. 52 and 53.

FIG. 53 illustrates the position of the firing member 1660 after the firing drive system 530 has been initially actuated. As can be seen in that Figure, the firing member 1660 has been distally advanced out of the firing member parking area 1154. The top portion of the firing member 1660 and, more specifically, each of the top anvil engagement features 1672 has entered the proximal ramp portion 1138 of the corresponding axial passage 1146 in the anvil 1130. At this point in the process, the anvil 1130 may be under considerable bending stress caused by the tissue that is clamped between the underside of the anvil 1130 and the deck of the staple cartridge 1110. This bending stress, as well as the frictional resistance between the various portions of the firing member and the anvil 1130 and elongate channel 1102, serve to essentially retain the elongate channel 1102 and the distal closure tube segment in a static condition while the firing member 1660 is initially distally advanced. During this time period, the amount of force required to fire the firing member 1660 or, stated another way, the amount of force required to distally push the firing member 1660 through the tissue that is clamped between the anvil 1130 and the cartridge 1110 is increasing. See line 1480 in FIG. 55. Also during this time period, the stretch limiting insert is trying to retract the elongate channel 1102 and anvil 1130 in the proximal direction PD into the distal closure tube segment 1430. Once the amount of friction between the firing member 1660 and the anvil 1130 and elongate channel 1102 is less than the retraction force generated by the stretch limiting insert 1540, the stretch limiting insert 1540 will cause the elongate channel 1102 and anvil 1130 to be drawn proximally further into the distal closure tube segment 1430. The position of the distal end 1113 of the staple cartridge 1110 after the elongate channel 1102 and anvil 1130 have traveled in the proximal direction PD is represented as position H in FIG. 54. The axial distance that the elongate channel 1102 and the anvil 1130 traveled in the proximal direction PD is represented as distance I in FIG. 54. This proximal movement of the anvil 1130 and the elongate channel 1102 into the distal closure tube segment 1430 will result in the application of additional closure forces to the anvil 1130 by the distal closure tube segment 1430. Line M in FIG. 54 represents the “second” closed position of the anvil 1130. The distance between position K and position M which is represented as distance N comprises the vertical distance that the distal end 1133 of the anvil body 1132 traveled between the first closed position and the second closed position.

The application of additional closure forces to the anvil 1130 by the distal closure tube segment 1430 when the anvil 1130 is in the second closed position, resists the amount of flexure forces applied to the anvil 1130 by the tissue that is clamped between the anvil 1130 and the cartridge 1110. Such condition may lead to better alignment between the passages in the anvil body 1130 and the firing member 1660 which may ultimately reduce the amount of frictional resistance that the firing member 1660 experiences as it continues to advance distally through the end effector 1100. Thus, the amount of firing force required to advance the firing member through the balance of its firing stroke to the ending position may be reduced. This reduction of the firing force can be seen in the chart in FIG. 55. The chart depicted in FIG. 55 compares the firing force (Energy) required to fire the firing member from the beginning to the end of the firing process. Line 1480 represents the amount of firing force required to move the firing member 1660 from its starting to ending position when the end effector 1100 is clamping tissue therein. Line 1482, for example, represents the amount of firing force required to move the firing member the interchangeable surgical tool assembly 1000 described above. Line 1482 represents the firing force required to move the firing member 174 from its starting to ending position through tissue that is clamped in the end effector 110 or 110′. As can be seen from that chart, the firing forces required by both of the surgical tool assemblies 100, 1000 are substantially the same or very similar until the point in time 1484 wherein the elastic spine assembly 1510 of the interchangeable tool assembly 1000 results in an application of a second amount of closure force to the anvil. As can be seen in the chart of FIG. 55, when the second amount of closure force is experienced by the anvil 1130 (point 1484), the amount of closure force required to complete the firing process is less than the amount of closure force required to complete the closing process in tool assembly 100.

FIG. 56 compares the amount of firing load required to move a firing member of various surgical end effectors from a starting position (0.0) to an ending position (1.0). The vertical axis represents the amount of firing load and the horizontal axis represents the percentage distance that the firing member traveled between the starting position (0.0) and the ending position (1.0). Line 1490 depicts the firing force required to fire, for example, the firing member of a surgical tool assembly 100 or similar tool assembly. Line 1492 depicts the firing force required to fire the firing member of a surgical tool assembly that employs the various firing member improvements and configurations that may be disclosed in, for example, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/385,917, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE COMPRISING STAPLES WITH DIFFERENT CLAMPING BREADTHS, and the other above-mentioned U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on even date herewith and which have been incorporated by reference herein in their respective entirety. Line 1494 depicts the firing force required to fire the firing member from its starting to ending position of surgical tool assemblies that employ at least some of the features and arrangements disclosed herein for stiffening the anvil. Line 1496 depicts the firing force required to fire, for example, surgical tool assemblies that employ the elastic spine arrangement and at least some of the features and arrangements disclosed herein for stiffening the anvil. As can be seen in that Figure, the surgical tool assembly that employs the elastic spine arrangement and at least some of the anvil stiffening arrangements disclosed herein have a much lower force-to-fire requirement.

EXAMPLES Example 1

A surgical end effector comprising a first jaw that is configured to operably support a surgical staple cartridge that operably supports a cam assembly therein. The cam assembly is axially movable through the surgical staple cartridge to eject surgical staples therefrom when the cam assembly is moved from an unfired position to a fired position. A firing member is supported for axial movement within the surgical staple cartridge between a starting position that is proximal to the surgical staple cartridge and an ending position within the staple cartridge upon applications of firing and retraction motions thereto. A lockout system is supported within the surgical end effector and is biased laterally into lateral retaining engagement with the firing member when the firing member is in the starting position to thereby retain the firing member in the starting position. The lockout system is configured to be laterally biased out of lateral retaining engagement when contacted by the cam assembly of a surgical staple cartridge that is seated within the first jaw and the cam assembly thereof is in the unfired position.

Example 2

The surgical end effector of Example 1, wherein the firing member comprises a body portion that comprises lateral sides and wherein the lockout system comprises a lockout member that comprises at least one laterally moving locking portion that is configured to laterally retainingly engage a corresponding one of the lateral sides of the body portion when the firing member is in the starting position.

Example 3

The surgical end effector of Example 2, wherein the lockout member comprises a spring that comprises two laterally moving locking portions.

Example 4

The surgical end effector of Example 3, wherein the firing member comprises a first retaining feature that protrudes laterally from a first one of the lateral sides of the body portion and a second retaining feature that protrudes laterally from a second one of the lateral sides of the body portion and wherein the two laterally moving locking portions comprise a first laterally moving locking arm that has a first distal end that is configured to retainingly engage the first retaining feature and a second laterally moving locking arm that has a second distal end that is configured to retainingly engage the second retaining feature.

Example 5

The surgical end effector of Example 4, wherein the first distal end includes a first locking window that is configured to retainingly receive at least a portion of the first retaining feature therein and wherein the second distal end includes a second locking window that is configured to retainingly receive at least a portion of the second locking feature therein.

Example 6

The surgical end effector of Examples 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, further comprising a second jaw that is supported adjacent to the first jaw such that at least one of the first and second jaws is selectively movable relative to the other of the first and second jaws upon application of opening and closing motions to at least one of the first and second jaws.

Example 7

The surgical end effector of Example 6, wherein the second jaw comprises an anvil.

Example 8

The surgical end effector of Example 7, wherein the anvil comprises an anvil body that has an axial slot therein to permit a portion of the firing member to axially pass therethrough. The anvil body further includes an axial passage on each side of the axial slot.

Example 9

The surgical end effector of Example 8, wherein the firing member comprises a foot that is configured to slidably pass within a corresponding passage within the first jaw and laterally extending anvil engagement features that extend laterally from a top portion of the firing member body and are configured to pass through a corresponding one of the axial passages within the anvil body and wherein the first and second engagement features are located between the foot and the anvil engagement features.

Example 10

A surgical stapling instrument comprising an elongate shaft that defines a shaft axis. An elongate channel is operably coupled to the elongate shaft. The stapling instrument further comprises a surgical staple cartridge that comprises a cartridge body that is configured to be removably seated in the elongate channel. A cam assembly is supported within the cartridge body and is axially movable therethrough between an unfired position to a fired position. The surgical stapling instrument also comprises a firing member that is supported for axial movement within the surgical staple cartridge between a starting position that is proximal to the surgical staple cartridge and an ending position within the surgical staple cartridge upon applications of firing and retraction motions thereto. A lockout system is supported within the surgical stapling instrument and is biased laterally into lateral retaining engagement with the firing member when the firing member is in the starting position to thereby retain the firing member in the starting position. The lockout system is configured to be laterally biased out of lateral retaining engagement when contacted by the cam assembly when the cam assembly is in the unfired position.

Example 11

The surgical stapling instrument of Example 10, wherein the firing member comprises a firing member body that comprises two lateral sides. The firing member body includes a tissue cutting feature. The lockout system comprises a lockout member that comprises at least one locking portion that is movable in a lateral direction that is transverse to the shaft axis. At least one locking portion is configured to laterally retainingly engage a corresponding on of the lateral sides of the firing member body portion when the firing member is in the starting position.

Example 12

The surgical stapling instrument of Example 11, wherein the lockout member comprises a U-shaped spring that comprises a central spring portion and wherein at least one locking portion comprises a first movable locking portion that extends from the central spring portion and corresponds to one of the lateral sides of the firing member body. A second movable locking portion extends from the central spring portion and corresponds to the other lateral side of the firing member body.

Example 13

The surgical stapling instrument of Example 12, wherein the firing member further comprises a first retaining feature that protrudes laterally from a first one of the lateral sides of the firing member body portion. A second retaining feature protrudes laterally from a second one of the lateral sides of the firing member body portion and wherein the first movable locking portion includes a first distal end that is configured to retainingly engage the first retaining feature and wherein the second movable locking portion includes a second distal end that is configured to retainingly engage the second retaining feature.

Example 14

The surgical stapling instrument of Example 13, wherein the first distal end includes a first locking window that is configured to retainingly receive at least a portion of the first retaining feature therein and wherein the second distal end includes a second locking window that is configured to retainingly receive at least a portion of the second locking feature therein.

Example 15

The surgical stapling instrument of Examples 10, 11, 12, 13 or 14, wherein the cam assembly comprises at least one unlocking feature that is configured to laterally bias the lockout system out of lateral retaining engagement when the cam assembly is in the unfired position.

Example 16

The surgical stapling instrument of Example 13, wherein the cam assembly comprises a first unlocking feature that is configured to laterally bias the first distal end out of retaining engagement with the first retaining feature when the cam assembly is in the unfired position. A second unlocking feature is configured to laterally bias the second distal end out of retaining engagement with the second retaining feature when the cam assembly is in the unfired position.

Example 17

A surgical end effector comprising a first jaw that is configured to operably support a surgical staple cartridge therein. A firing member is supported for axial movement within the surgical staple cartridge between a starting position that is proximal to the surgical staple cartridge and an ending position within the staple cartridge upon applications of firing and retraction motions thereto. The surgical end effector further comprises means for retaining the firing member in the starting position unless an unfired surgical staple cartridge that has a cam assembly therein that is in an unfired position has been seated within the first jaw such that the cam assembly laterally biases the means for retaining out of retaining engagement with the firing member to thereby permit the firing member to be axially advanced through the surgical staple cartridge upon application of a firing motion to the firing member.

Example 18

The surgical end effector of Example 17, wherein the surgical end effector defines a central axis and wherein when the means for retaining is biased out of retaining engagement by the cam assembly, the means for retaining moves laterally relative to the firing member in at least one direction that is laterally transverse to the central axis.

Example 19

The surgical end effector of Example 18, wherein the firing member comprises two lateral sides and wherein the means for retaining engages features on both lateral sides of the firing member.

Example 20

The surgical end effector of Example 19, wherein the means for retaining comprises first and second retaining portions that are biased into engagement with a corresponding one of the lateral sides of the firing member when the firing member is in the starting position and until contacted by the cam assembly so as to bias the first and second retaining portions in opposite lateral directions out of retaining engagement with the firing member.

Example 21

An anvil for a surgical stapler. The anvil comprises an elongate anvil body that comprises an upper body portion and a staple forming undersurface. The anvil further comprises an anvil mounting portion that is adjacent to the elongate anvil body and is configured to movably support the anvil on a portion of the surgical stapler. An anvil cap is configured to be mechanically interlocked to the upper body portion of the elongate anvil body. At least one weld is provided between the anvil cap and the upper body portion of the elongate anvil body.

Example 22

The anvil of Example 21, wherein the upper body portion defines an opening through an upper surface thereof and the anvil cap is mechanically interlocked within the opening.

Example 23

The anvil of Example 22, further comprising a ledge that extends around at least a portion of the opening within the upper body portion and wherein the anvil cap is supported on the ledge.

Example 24

The anvil of Examples 21, 22 or 23, wherein the anvil cap includes a perimeter and wherein at least one weld extends around at least a portion of the perimeter.

Example 25

The anvil of Examples 21, 22, 23 or 24, wherein the anvil cap comprises a proximal end and a distal end and two long sides extending therebetween and wherein at least one weld corresponds to at least a portion of each of the long sides.

Example 26

The anvil of Example 22, wherein the upper body portion forms an opening perimeter and wherein the upper body portion comprises a plurality of retention formations formed in the opening perimeter and configured to frictionally engage corresponding portions of the anvil cap when the anvil cap is positioned within the opening.

Example 27

The anvil of Example 26, wherein the corresponding portions of the anvil cap comprise engagement areas that are formed in a cap perimeter of the anvil cap and wherein each engagement area is shaped to frictionally engage each corresponding retention formation.

Example 28

The anvil of Example 22, wherein the anvil cap comprises a proximal end and a distal end and two long sides extending therebetween and wherein the upper body portion forms an opening perimeter and includes a plurality of retention formations that are formed in portions of the opening perimeter that correspond to at least portions of each of the long sides of the anvil cap for frictional engagement therewith.

Example 29

The anvil of Example 22, wherein the anvil cap comprises a proximal end and a distal end and two long sides that extend therebetween and wherein the upper body portion defines an opening perimeter and wherein the anvil further comprises at least one retention formation on each long side of the anvil cap and is configured to frictionally engage corresponding portions of the opening perimeter for frictional engagement therewith.

Example 30

The anvil of Examples 21, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28 or 29, wherein the anvil cap is interlocked to the upper body portion of the elongate anvil body by at least one tongue-in-groove joint configuration.

Example 31

The anvil of Examples 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 or 30, wherein the anvil cap comprises central cap body that comprises a cap body perimeter and wherein at least one weld comprises a first weld that extends between at least a portion of the cap body perimeter and corresponding portions of the upper body portion of the anvil body. At least one second discrete weld extends between the central cap body and the upper body portion of the anvil body.

Example 32

The anvil of Example 31, wherein at least one second discrete weld comprises a first plurality of spaced second discrete welds through the central cap body adjacent a long side thereof and a second plurality of spaced second discrete welds through the central cap body adjacent another long side thereof.

Example 33

The anvil of Example 32, wherein the spaced second discrete welds of the first plurality are spaced closer to each other adjacent a distal end of the central cap body and wherein the spaced second discrete welds of the second plurality are spaced closer to each other adjacent the distal end of the central cap body.

Example 34

The anvil of Example 32, wherein the spaced second discrete welds of the first plurality are spaced closer to each other adjacent a proximal end of the central cap body and wherein the spaced second discrete welds of the second plurality are spaced closer to each other adjacent the proximal end of the central cap body.

Example 35

The anvil of Example 32, wherein the spaced second discrete welds of the first plurality are spaced closer to each other adjacent a proximal end and a distal end of the central cap body and wherein the spaced second discrete welds of the second plurality are spaced closer to each other adjacent the proximal end and the distal end of the central cap body.

Example 36

An anvil for a surgical stapler. The anvil comprises an elongate anvil body that comprises an upper body portion and a staple forming undersurface. An anvil mounting portion is provided adjacent to the elongate anvil body and is configured to movably support the anvil on a portion of the surgical stapler. The anvil further comprises an anvil cap that comprises a central anvil cap body and a cap perimeter that extends therearound. A first weld is provided between at least a portion of the cap perimeter and the upper portion of the elongate anvil body portion. At least one second discrete weld extends between the central cap body and the upper body portion of the anvil body.

Example 37

The anvil of Example 36, wherein the first weld extends intermittently around at least a portion of the cap perimeter.

Example 38

The anvil of Examples 36 or 37, wherein the at least one second discrete weld comprises a first row of spaced, second discrete welds through the central cap body and a second row of spaced second discrete welds through the central cap body.

Example 39

An anvil for a surgical stapler. The anvil comprises an elongate anvil body that comprises an upper body portion and a staple forming undersurface. The elongate anvil body defines an opening that extends through an upper surface thereof. The anvil further comprises an anvil mounting portion that is adjacent to the elongate anvil body and is configured to movably support the anvil on a portion of the surgical stapler. An anvil cap is configured to be mechanically interlocked to the upper body portion of the elongate anvil body so as to fill the opening. The anvil cap comprises a central cap body and a cap perimeter that extends therearound. At least one first weld is provided between at least a portion of the cap perimeter and the upper body portion of the elongate anvil body. At least one second discrete weld extends between the central cap body and the upper body portion of the anvil body.

Example 40

The anvil of Example 39, wherein the anvil cap is mechanically interlocked to the upper body portion of the elongate anvil body by a tongue-in-groove joint arrangement between portions of the cap perimeter and the upper body portion of the elongate anvil body.

Example 41

A closure member for applying a closure motion to a movable jaw of a surgical instrument. The closure member comprises a closure body that defines an outer surface and an inner surface. The closure body further defines an upper portion that comprises an upper wall thickness between the outer and inner surfaces and a lower portion comprising a lower wall thickness between the outer and inner surfaces wherein the upper wall thickness differs from the lower wall thickness. A cam surface is formed on the upper portion for selective camming contact with a portion of the movable jaw.

Example 42

The closure member of Example 41, wherein the outer surface is a first radial distance from a first center axis and wherein the inner surface is a second radial distance from a second center axis that is offset from the first center axis.

Example 43

The closure member of Examples 41 or 42, wherein the upper wall thickness is greater than the lower wall thickness.

Example 44

The closure member of Examples 41, 42, or 43, further comprising diametrically opposed sidewall portions that extend between the upper portion and the lower portion and wherein the sidewall portions each have a sidewall thickness that differs from the upper wall thickness and the lower wall thickness.

Example 45

The closure member of Example 44, wherein the sidewall thickness is greater than the upper wall thickness and the lower wall thickness.

Example 46

The closure member of Examples 44, or 45, wherein the sidewall portion defines an inner sidewall and wherein the inner sidewall of one sidewall portion is parallel to the inner sidewall of the other sidewall portion.

Example 47

The closure member of Example 43, wherein the upper wall thickness and the lower wall thickness are each measured along a common vertical axis that extends through a center axis of the closure body.

Example 48

The closure member of Examples 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 or 47, wherein the movable jaw is movable from an open position to a closed position when the closure body cammingly contacts the portion of the movable jaw when the closure body is moved in a first direction and wherein at least one other portion of the closure member is configured to move the movable jaw from the closed position to the open position when the closure body is moved in a second direction.

Example 49

The closure member of Example 48, further comprising at least one positive jaw opening feature that extends inwardly from the inner surface and is configured to contact another portion of the movable jaw when the closure member is moved in the second direction to move the movable jaw to the open position.

Example 50

The closure member of Example 49, wherein each positive jaw opening feature comprises at least two positive jaw opening features that are diametrically opposed to each other and protrude inwardly from the inner surface.

Example 51

The closure member of Example 50, wherein at least one of the positive jaw opening features extends from a mounting plate that is attached to a corresponding sidewall portion of the closure body that extends between the upper and lower portions.

Example 52

A surgical instrument that comprises first and second jaws, wherein at least one of the first and second jaws is movable relative to the other of the first and second jaws between open and closed orientations upon applications of closing and opening motions thereto. A closure body defines an outer surface and an inner surface as well as an upper portion that comprises an upper wall thickness between the outer and inner surfaces and a lower portion comprising a lower wall thickness between the outer and inner surfaces wherein the upper wall thickness differs from the lower wall thickness, and wherein the closure body comprises a cam surface that is formed on the upper portion for selective camming contact with a portion of one of the at least one first and second jaws that is movable.

Example 53

The surgical instrument of Example 52, wherein the outer surface is located a first radial distance from a center axis of the closure body and wherein the inner surface is located a second radial distance from the center axis and wherein the first radial distance is greater than the second radial distance such that the upper wall thickness is greater than the lower wall thickness.

Example 54

The surgical instrument of Examples 52 or 53, further comprising diametrically opposed sidewall portions that extend between the upper portion and the lower portion and wherein the sidewall portions each have a sidewall thickness that differs from the upper wall thickness and the lower wall thickness.

Example 55

The surgical instrument of Examples 52, 53 or 54, wherein the sidewall thickness is equal to the upper wall thickness and is greater than the lower wall thickness.

Example 56

The surgical instrument of Examples 52, 53, 54 or 55, wherein each sidewall portion defines an inner sidewall surface and wherein the inner sidewall surfaces are not parallel to each other.

Example 57

The surgical instrument of Examples 52, 53, 54, 55 or 56, wherein the upper wall thickness and the lower wall thickness are each measured along a common vertical axis extending through a center of the closure body.

Example 58

The surgical instrument of Examples 52, 53, 54, 55, 55 or 57, wherein at least one of the first and second jaws is movable from an open position to a closed position upon camming contact by the closure body when the closure body is moved in a first direction and wherein at least one other portion of the closure member is configured to move at least one of the first and second jaws from the closed position to the open position when the closure body is moved in a second direction and wherein the closure member further comprises at least one positive jaw opening feature extending inwardly from the inner surface and being configured to contact another portion of at least one of the first and second jaws when the closure member is moved in a second direction.

Example 59

A closure member for applying a closure motion to a movable jaw of a surgical instrument. The closure member comprises a hollow closure body that defines an outer surface and an inner surface. The closure body further defines an upper portion that comprises an upper wall thickness between the outer and inner surfaces and a lower portion that comprises a lower wall thickness between the outer and inner surfaces wherein the upper and lower wall thicknesses are equal and wherein the inner and outer surfaces define sidewall portions that each have a sidewall thickness that is greater than the upper and lower wall thicknesses. A cam surface is formed on the upper portion for selective camming contact with a portion of the movable jaw.

Example 60

The closure member of Example 59, wherein the inner surface defines a rectangular shaped passage that extends through the closure body.

Example 61

A surgical instrument comprising a surgical end effector that comprises a first jaw and a second jaw that is movably supported relative to the first jaw for selective movement between open and closed positions relative to the first jaw. The surgical instrument further comprises a hollow closure member that is configured to axially move between an unactuated position and closure positions wherein the hollow closure member applies closure motions to the movable second jaw. A closure system is configured to apply closure actuation motions to the hollow closure member. A firing member is supported for axial travel between a starting position that is located completely within the hollow closure member and an ending position within the surgical end effector. A firing system is configured to selectively apply a firing motion to the firing member to cause the firing member to move from the starting position to the ending position and wherein the closure system is actuatable without actuating the firing system.

Example 62

The surgical instrument of Example 61, wherein the second jaw comprises a mounting portion that is pivotally fixed to the first jaw for selective pivotal travel relative thereto.

Example 63

The surgical instrument of Example 62, wherein the mounting portion on the second jaw comprises a first cam surface and wherein the hollow closure member comprises a second cam surface that is configured for camming contact with the first cam surface.

Example 64

The surgical instrument of Example 63, wherein the hollow closure member comprises a distal end and wherein the second cam surface comprises an internal cam surface that is formed adjacent to the distal end.

Example 65

The surgical instrument of Examples 61, 62, 63 or 64, wherein the second jaw comprises an anvil and wherein the first jaw comprises a channel that is configured to operably support a surgical staple cartridge therein.

Example 66

The surgical instrument of Example 65, wherein the firing member comprises a firing member body that has at least one channel engaging feature and at least one anvil engaging feature thereon.

Example 67

The surgical instrument of Examples 63, 64, 65 or 66, wherein the anvil comprises an elongate anvil body that protrudes from the mounting portion and wherein the elongate anvil body comprises an outer anvil surface and wherein the first cam surface extends to the outer anvil surface.

Example 68

The surgical instrument of Examples 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66 or 67, wherein the hollow closure member is configured to apply opening motions to the second jaw upon application of opening actuation motions to the hollow closure member by the closure system.

Example 69

The surgical instrument of Example 68, wherein the hollow closure member further comprises at least one positive jaw opening feature thereon for selective contact with the second jaw when the opening actuation motions are applied to the closure member.

Example 70

A surgical instrument comprising an elongate shaft that defines a shaft axis. A channel is operably coupled to the elongate shaft and is configured to operably support a surgical staple cartridge therein. An anvil is movably coupled to the channel and is selectively movable between a fully open and a fully closed position relative to the channel. A closure member is configured to axially move between an unactuated position and actuated positions wherein a distal end portion of the closure member cammingly contacts the anvil to apply closure motions thereto. A closure system operably interfaces with the closure member to selectively apply closure control motions thereto. A firing member is supported for axial travel between a starting position wherein the firing member is located completely proximal to the distal end of the closure member and an ending position. A firing system is configured to selectively apply a firing motion to the firing member to cause the firing member to move from the starting position to the ending position and wherein the closure system is actuatable without actuating the firing system.

Example 71

The surgical instrument of Example 70, wherein the anvil is attached to the channel and is constrained to pivot relative thereto about an anvil axis that is transverse to the shaft axis.

Example 72

The surgical instrument of Examples 70 or 71, wherein the anvil comprises an anvil mounting portion that is pivotally coupled to the channel and includes a first cam surface thereon and wherein the closure member comprises a hollow closure tube that comprises a distal end with a second internal camming surface thereon that is configured for camming contact with the first cam surface.

Example 73

The surgical instrument of Examples 70, 71 or 72, wherein the firing member comprises a firing member body that has at least one channel engaging feature and at least one anvil engaging feature thereon.

Example 74

The surgical instrument of Example 72, wherein the anvil comprises an elongate anvil body that protrudes from the mounting portion. The elongate anvil body comprises an outer anvil surface and wherein the first cam surface extends to the outer anvil surface.

Example 75

The surgical instrument of Examples 70, 71, 72, 73 or 74, wherein the closure member comprises a hollow closure tube and wherein the firing member is completely located within the hollow closure tube when the firing member is in the starting position.

Example 76

The surgical instrument of Examples 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 or 75, wherein the closure member further comprises at least one positive jaw opening feature formed thereon for selective contact with the anvil when opening actuation motions are applied to the closure member.

Example 77

A surgical instrument comprising a surgical end effector that comprises a first jaw and a second jaw that is movably supported relative to the first jaw for selective movement between open and closed positions relative to the first jaw upon applications of closure motions to a cam surface thereon. The surgical instrument further comprises an axially movable closure member that comprises a closure cam surface thereon that is configured to apply the closure motions to the cam surface on the second jaw. A firing member is supported for axial travel between a starting position wherein a tissue cutting surface thereon is located proximal to the closure cam surface on the closure member. The closure member and the firing member are selectively independently actuatable relative to each other.

Example 78

The surgical instrument of Example 77, wherein the second jaw comprises a mounting portion that is pivotally coupled to the first jaw and the mounting portion includes the cam surface thereon.

Example 79

The surgical instrument of Examples 77 or 78, wherein the axially movable closure member and the mounting portion defines a firing member parking area therebetween wherein at least a portion of the firing member is supported when the firing member is in the starting position.

Example 80

The surgical instrument of Examples 77, 78 or 79, wherein the first jaw comprises a channel and wherein the second jaw comprises an anvil. The firing member comprises a firing member body that has at least one channel engaging feature and at least one anvil engaging feature thereon.

Example 81

A surgical instrument comprising an elastic spine assembly that comprises a proximal spine portion and a distal spine portion that is elastically coupled to the proximal spine portion for axial movement relative thereto between a neutral position and an elongated position. A first jaw is attached to the distal spine portion and a second jaw is movably supported relative to the first jaw for selective movement between open and closed positions relative to the first jaw. A closure system is configured to apply a closure motion to the second jaw and to move the distal spine portion from the neutral position to the elongated position upon actuation thereof. A firing system is configured to axially advance a firing member from a starting to an ending position within the first jaw upon actuation thereof and to enable the distal spine portion to return to the neutral position to thereby increase the closure motion applied to the second jaw.

Example 82

The surgical instrument of Example 81, wherein the closure system comprises a closure member that is configured for axial travel relative to the distal spine portion from an unactuated position corresponding to the neutral position of the distal spine portion to a first closed position wherein the distal spine portion is moved to the elongated position and the second jaw is moved to a first one of the closed positions.

Example 83

The surgical instrument of Examples 81 or 82, wherein the closure member is hollow and is configured to receive therein a mounting portion of the second jaw.

Example 84

The surgical instrument of Example 83, wherein the mounting portion has a first cam surface thereon and wherein the hollow closure member has a second cam surface thereon that is configured for camming contact with the first cam surface upon actuation of the closure system to move the second jaw from the open position to the first closed position.

Example 85

The surgical instrument of Example 84, wherein movement of the distal spine portion from the elongated position to the neutral position increases the camming contact between the first and second cam surfaces.

Example 86

The surgical instrument of Examples 81, 82, 83, 84 or 85, wherein the distal spine portion is interconnected to the proximal spine portion by a stretchable central spine portion.

Example 87

The surgical instrument of Example 86, wherein the elastic spine assembly further comprises means for restricting the stretchable central spine portion to a predetermined amount of stretch.

Example 88

The surgical instrument of Example 87, wherein the means for restricting comprises a stretchable body member that is sized to span between the distal spine portion and the proximal spine portion and means for limiting the stretchable body to a predetermined amount of elongation.

Example 89

The surgical instrument of Example 88, wherein the stretchable body member includes a first modulus of elasticity and wherein the means for limiting comprises at least one stretch limiter member that is supported by the stretchable body and includes a second modulus of elasticity that is less than the first modulus of elasticity.

Example 90

A surgical instrument comprising an elastic spine assembly that is configured to elongate between a first neutral position and a second elongated position. A first jaw is attached to the elastic spine assembly. A second jaw is movably supported relative to the first jaw for selective movement between open and closed positions relative to the first jaw. The surgical instrument further comprises a closure system that comprises a closure member that is configured to apply a first amount of closure force to the second jaw to move the second jaw from the open position to a first closed position and elongate the elastic spine assembly to the second elongated position. A firing member is supported for axial travel between a starting position and an ending position within the first jaw. A firing system operably interfaces with the firing member to selectively advance the firing member from the starting position to the ending position such that movement of the firing member from the starting to ending position causes the elastic spine to move toward the first neutral position which causes the closure member to apply a second amount of closure force to the second jaw and thereby moves the second jaw to a second closed position.

Example 91

The surgical instrument of Example 90, wherein the second jaw comprises a mounting portion that is pivotally pinned to the first jaw for pivotal travel between the open and closed positions.

Example 92

The surgical instrument of Example 91, wherein the mounting portion has a first cam surface thereon and wherein the closure member has a second cam surface thereon that is configured for camming contact with the first cam surface upon actuation of the closure system to move the second jaw from the open position to the first closed position.

Example 93

The surgical instrument of Examples 89, 90 or 91, wherein movement of elastic spine assembly from the second elongated position to the first neutral position increases the camming contact between the first and second cam surfaces.

Example 94

A surgical instrument comprising an elastic spine assembly that comprises a proximal spine portion and a distal spine portion that is elastically coupled to the proximal spine portion for axial movement relative thereto between a neutral position and an elongated position. An elongate channel is configured to operably support a surgical staple cartridge therein. The elongate channel is attached to the distal spine portion. An anvil is pivotally coupled to the elongate channel for selective pivotal travel about a fixed pivot axis between open and closed positions relative to the elongate channel. A closure system is configured to apply closure motions to the anvil and move the distal spine portion from the neutral position to the elongated position. A firing system is configure to axially advance a firing member from a starting position to an ending position within the elongate channel upon actuation thereof and thereby enable the distal spine portion to return to the neutral position to thereby increase the closure motions applied to the anvil.

Example 95

The surgical instrument of Example 94, wherein the distal spine portion is interconnected to the proximal spine portion by a stretchable central spine portion.

Example 96

The surgical instrument of Examples 94 or 95, wherein the elastic spine assembly further comprises a stretch limiting insert that comprises a body member that is sized to span between the distal spine portion and the proximal spine portion and means for limiting the body to a predetermined amount of elongation.

Example 97

The surgical instrument of Example 96, wherein the body member is fabricated from an elastomeric material and wherein the means for limiting is fabricated from metal.

Example 98

The surgical instrument of Example 97, wherein the body member comprises a first mounting lug formed therein that is configured for mounting engagement with the proximal spine portion and a second mounting lug formed therein that is configured for mounting engagement with the distal spine portion and wherein the means for limiting comprises at least one stretch limiter that comprises an elongate body that spans between the first and second mounting lugs and includes first and second mounting ends wherein the first end is movably received within a cavity in the first mounting lug and wherein the second end is movably received in a second cavity in the second mounting lug.

Example 99

The surgical instrument of Examples 94, 95, 96, 97 or 98, wherein a mounting portion of the anvil is pivotally pinned to the elongate channel and includes a first cam surface thereon and wherein the closure system comprises a closure member that includes a second cam surface thereon that is configured for camming contact with the first cam surface upon actuation of the closure system to move the second jaw from the open position to the first closed position.

Example 100

The surgical instrument of Examples 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 or 99, wherein movement of the distal spine portion from the elongated position to the neutral position increases camming contact between the first and second cam surfaces.

Example 101

A surgical instrument comprising a surgical end effector that comprises a first jaw and a second jaw that is movably supported relative to the first jaw for selective pivotal travel relative to the first jaw about a fixed pivot axis between an open position and closed positions. A firing member is movably supported for selective axial travel within at least one of the first and second jaws between a starting position and an ending position. The firing member comprises a body portion and a first flange assembly that protrudes from the body portion and is configured to slidably engage the first jaw. A second flange assembly protrudes from the body portion and is configured to slidably engage the second jaw. The surgical instrument also comprises an elongate shaft assembly that is operably coupled to the surgical end effector. The elongate shaft assembly comprises a firing system that operably interfaces with the firing member to selectively axially move the firing member between the starting and ending position. A closure system operably interfaces with the second jaw to move the second jaw between the open and closed positions without actuating the firing system and firing member.

Example 102

The surgical instrument of Example 101, wherein the elongate shaft assembly defines a shaft axis and wherein the fixed pivot axis is transverse to the shaft axis.

Example 103

The surgical instrument of Examples 101 or 102, wherein the closure system is configured to cammingly engage the second jaw when the closure system is applying closure motions thereto.

Example 104

The surgical instrument of Example 103, wherein the second jaw comprises a first cam surface thereon and wherein the closure system comprises an axially movable closure member that is supported for selective axial travel relative to the second jaw. The closure member comprises a second cam surface that is configured for camming engagement with the first cam surface.

Example 105

The surgical instrument of Example 102, wherein the second jaw comprises a mounting portion that is pivotally coupled to the first jaw about the pivot axis. The mounting portion includes the first cam surface thereon.

Example 106

The surgical instrument of Examples 101, 102, 103, 104 or 105, wherein the axially movable closure member and the mounting portion defines a firing member parking area therebetween wherein at least a portion of the firing member is supported when the firing member is in the starting position.

Example 107

The surgical instrument of Example 104, wherein the closure member comprises a closure body that defines an outer surface and an inner surface. The closure body further defines an upper portion that comprises an upper wall thickness between the outer and inner surfaces and a lower portion that comprises a lower wall thickness between the outer and inner surfaces wherein the upper wall thickness differs from the lower wall thickness and wherein the second cam surface is formed on the upper portion for selective camming contact with the first cam surface.

Example 108

The surgical instrument of Example 107, wherein the outer surface is a first radial distance from a first center axis and wherein the inner surface is a second radial distance from a second center axis that is offset from the first center axis.

Example 109

The surgical instrument of Example 107, wherein the upper wall thickness is greater than the lower wall thickness.

Example 110

The surgical instrument of Example 107, wherein the closure member further comprises diametrically opposed sidewall portions that extend between the upper portion and the lower portion and wherein the sidewall portions each have a sidewall thickness that differs from the upper wall thickness and the lower wall thickness.

Example 111

The surgical instrument of Example 110, wherein the sidewall thickness is greater than the upper wall thickness and the lower wall thickness.

Example 112

The surgical instrument of Example 110, wherein each sidewall portion defines an inner sidewall and wherein the inner sidewall of one of the sidewall portions is parallel to the inner sidewall of the other sidewall portion.

Example 113

The surgical instrument of Examples 104, 106 or 107, wherein the closure member is hollow and is configured to receive therein a mounting portion of the second jaw.

Example 114

The surgical instrument of Examples 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112 or 113, wherein the first jaw comprises a channel and wherein the second jaw comprises an anvil.

Example 115

The surgical instrument of Examples 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113 or 114, wherein the firing member further comprises a tissue cutting surface on the body portion.

Example 116

A surgical instrument comprising a surgical end effector that comprises a first jaw and a second jaw that is movably supported relative to the first jaw for selective pivotal travel relative to the first jaw about a fixed pivot axis between an open position and closed positions. A firing member is movably supported for selective axial travel within at least one of the first and second jaws between a starting position and an ending position. The firing member comprises a body portion and a first flange assembly that protrudes from the body portion and is configured to slidably engage the first jaw. A second flange assembly protrudes from the body portion and is configured to slidably engage the second jaw. An elongate shaft assembly is operably coupled to the surgical end effector and comprises a firing means for selectively axially moving the firing member between the starting and ending position and a closure means for moving the second jaw between the open and closed positions without actuating the firing means.

Example 117

The surgical instrument of Example 116, wherein the elongate shaft assembly defines a shaft axis and wherein the fixed pivot axis is transverse to the shaft axis.

Example 118

The surgical instrument of Examples 116 or 117, wherein the first jaw comprises a channel and wherein the second jaw comprises an anvil.

Example 119

A surgical instrument comprising an elongate channel that is configured to operably support a surgical staple cartridge therein. An anvil is movably supported relative to the elongate channel for selective pivotal travel relative thereto about a fixed pivot axis between an open position and closed positions. A firing member is movably supported for selective axial travel within the elongate channel between a starting position and an ending position. The firing member comprises a body portion and a first flange assembly that protrudes therefrom and is configured to slidably engage the elongate channel. A second flange assembly protrudes from the body portion and is configured to slidably engage the anvil. An elongate firing bar is coupled to the body portion and is configured for axial travel relative to the elongate channel in response to firing motions applied thereto by a source of firing motions. A closure member is supported for selective axial travel relative to the anvil for moving the anvil between the open position and closed position in response to closure motions applied thereto by a source of closure motions such that the anvil is movable between open and closed positions without moving the firing member.

Example 120

The surgical instrument of Example 119, wherein the firing member further comprises a tissue cutting surface on the body portion.

Many of the surgical instrument systems described herein are motivated by an electric motor; however, the surgical instrument systems described herein can be motivated in any suitable manner. In various instances, the surgical instrument systems described herein can be motivated by a manually-operated trigger, for example. In certain instances, the motors disclosed herein may comprise a portion or portions of a robotically controlled system. Moreover, any of the end effectors and/or tool assemblies disclosed herein can be utilized with a robotic surgical instrument system. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/118,241, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,072,535, for example, discloses several examples of a robotic surgical instrument system in greater detail.

The surgical instrument systems described herein have been described in connection with the deployment and deformation of staples; however, the embodiments described herein are not so limited. Various embodiments are envisioned which deploy fasteners other than staples, such as clamps or tacks, for example. Moreover, various embodiments are envisioned which utilize any suitable means for sealing tissue. For instance, an end effector in accordance with various embodiments can comprise electrodes configured to heat and seal the tissue. Also, for instance, an end effector in accordance with certain embodiments can apply vibrational energy to seal the tissue.

The entire disclosures of:

U.S. Pat. No. 5,403,312, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL HEMOSTATIC DEVICE, which issued on Apr. 4, 1995;

U.S. Pat. No. 7,000,818, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT HAVING SEPARATE DISTINCT CLOSING AND FIRING SYSTEMS, which issued on Feb. 21, 2006;

U.S. Pat. No. 7,422,139, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH TACTILE POSITION FEEDBACK, which issued on Sep. 9, 2008;

U.S. Pat. No. 7,464,849, entitled ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH CLOSURE SYSTEM AND ANVIL ALIGNMENT COMPONENTS, which issued on Dec. 16, 2008;

U.S. Pat. No. 7,670,334, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING AN ARTICULATING END EFFECTOR, which issued on Mar. 2, 2010;

U.S. Pat. No. 7,753,245, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS, which issued on Jul. 13, 2010;

U.S. Pat. No. 8,393,514, entitled SELECTIVELY ORIENTABLE IMPLANTABLE FASTENER CARTRIDGE, which issued on Mar. 12, 2013;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/343,803, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT HAVING RECORDING CAPABILITIES; now U.S. Pat. No. 7,845,537;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/031,573, entitled SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT HAVING RF ELECTRODES, filed Feb. 14, 2008;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/031,873, entitled END EFFECTORS FOR A SURGICAL CUTTING AND STAPLING INSTRUMENT, filed Feb. 15, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,980,443;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/235,782, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENT, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,210,411;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/249,117, entitled POWERED SURGICAL CUTTING AND STAPLING APPARATUS WITH MANUALLY RETRACTABLE FIRING SYSTEM, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,608,045;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/647,100, entitled MOTOR-DRIVEN SURGICAL CUTTING INSTRUMENT WITH ELECTRIC ACTUATOR DIRECTIONAL CONTROL ASSEMBLY, filed Dec. 24, 2009; now U.S. Pat. No. 8,220,688;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/893,461, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE, filed Sep. 29, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,733,613;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/036,647, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT, filed Feb. 28, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,561,870;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/118,241, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENTS WITH ROTATABLE STAPLE DEPLOYMENT ARRANGEMENTS, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,072,535;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/524,049, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT COMPRISING A FIRING DRIVE, filed on Jun. 15, 2012; now U.S. Pat. No. 9,101,358;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/800,025, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,345,481;

U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/800,067, entitled STAPLE CARTRIDGE TISSUE THICKNESS SENSOR SYSTEM, filed on Mar. 13, 2013, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0263552;

U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0175955, entitled SURGICAL CUTTING AND FASTENING INSTRUMENT WITH CLOSURE TRIGGER LOCKING MECHANISM, filed Jan. 31, 2006; and

U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0264194, entitled SURGICAL STAPLING INSTRUMENT WITH AN ARTICULATABLE END EFFECTOR, filed Apr. 22, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,308,040,are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

Although various devices have been described herein in connection with certain embodiments, modifications and variations to those embodiments may be implemented. Particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Thus, the particular features, structures, or characteristics illustrated or described in connection with one embodiment may be combined in whole or in part, with the features, structures or characteristics of one ore more other embodiments without limitation. Also, where materials are disclosed for certain components, other materials may be used. Furthermore, according to various embodiments, a single component may be replaced by multiple components, and multiple components may be replaced by a single component, to perform a given function or functions. The foregoing description and following claims are intended to cover all such modification and variations.

The devices disclosed herein can be designed to be disposed of after a single use, or they can be designed to be used multiple times. In either case, however, a device can be reconditioned for reuse after at least one use. Reconditioning can include any combination of the steps including, but not limited to, the disassembly of the device, followed by cleaning or replacement of particular pieces of the device, and subsequent reassembly of the device. In particular, a reconditioning facility and/or surgical team can disassemble a device and, after cleaning and/or replacing particular parts of the device, the device can be reassembled for subsequent use. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that reconditioning of a device can utilize a variety of techniques for disassembly, cleaning/replacement, and reassembly. Use of such techniques, and the resulting reconditioned device, are all within the scope of the present application.

The devices disclosed herein may be processed before surgery. First, a new or used instrument may be obtained and, when necessary, cleaned. The instrument may then be sterilized. In one sterilization technique, the instrument is placed in a closed and sealed container, such as a plastic or TYVEK bag. The container and instrument may then be placed in a field of radiation that can penetrate the container, such as gamma radiation, x-rays, and/or high-energy electrons. The radiation may kill bacteria on the instrument and in the container. The sterilized instrument may then be stored in the sterile container. The sealed container may keep the instrument sterile until it is opened in a medical facility. A device may also be sterilized using any other technique known in the art, including but not limited to beta radiation, gamma radiation, ethylene oxide, plasma peroxide, and/or steam.

While this invention has been described as having exemplary designs, the present invention may be further modified within the spirit and scope of the disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles.

Any patent, publication, or other disclosure material, in whole or in part, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein is incorporated herein only to the extent that the incorporated materials do not conflict with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth in this disclosure. As such, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as explicitly set forth herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference. Any material, or portion thereof, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein, but which conflicts with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth herein will only be incorporated to the extent that no conflict arises between that incorporated material and the existing disclosure material. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A closure member for applying a closure motion to a movable jaw of a surgical instrument, said closure member comprising: a closure body defining an outer surface and an inner surface, said closure body further defining an upper portion comprising an upper wall thickness between said outer and inner surfaces and a lower portion comprising a lower wall thickness between said outer and inner surfaces wherein said upper wall thickness differs from said lower wall thickness; and a cam surface formed on said upper portion for selective camming contact with a portion of the movable jaw.
 2. The closure member of claim 1, wherein said outer surface is a first radial distance from a first center axis and wherein said inner surface is a second radial distance from a second center axis that is offset from said first center axis.
 3. The closure member of claim 1, wherein said upper wall thickness is greater than said lower wall thickness.
 4. The closure member of claim 1, further comprising diametrically opposed sidewall portions extending between said upper portion and said lower portion and wherein said sidewall portions each have a sidewall thickness that differs from said upper wall thickness and said lower wall thickness.
 5. The closure member of claim 4, wherein said sidewall thickness is greater than said upper wall thickness and said lower wall thickness.
 6. The closure member of claim 4, wherein each said sidewall portion defines an inner sidewall and wherein said inner sidewall of one said sidewall portions is parallel to said inner sidewall of the other said sidewall portion.
 7. The closure member of claim 3, wherein said upper wall thickness and said lower wall thickness are each measured along a common vertical axis that extends through a center axis of said closure body.
 8. The closure member of claim 1, wherein the movable jaw is movable from an open position to a closed position when said closure body cammingly contacts said portion of the movable jaw when said closure body is moved in a first direction and wherein at least one other portion of said closure member is configured to move the movable jaw from the closed position to the open position when said closure body is moved in a second direction.
 9. The closure member of claim 8, wherein said closure member further comprises at least one positive jaw opening feature extending inwardly from said inner surface and configured to contact another portion of the movable jaw when said closure member is moved in said second direction to move the movable jaw to the open position.
 10. The closure member of claim 9, wherein said at least one positive jaw opening features comprises at least two said positive jaw opening features diametrically opposed to each other and protruding inwardly from said inner surface.
 11. The closure member of claim 9, wherein at least one of said positive jaw opening feature extends from a mounting plate that is attached to a corresponding sidewall portion of said closure body that extends between said upper and lower portions.
 12. A surgical instrument, comprising: first and second jaws, wherein at least one of said first and second jaws is movable relative to the other of said first and second jaws between open and closed orientations upon applications of closing and opening motions thereto; and a closure body defining an outer surface and an inner surface, said closure body further defining an upper portion comprising an upper wall thickness between said outer and inner surfaces and a lower portion comprising a lower wall thickness between said outer and inner surfaces wherein said upper wall thickness differs from said lower wall thickness, and wherein said closure body comprises a cam surface formed on said upper portion for selective camming contact with a portion of one of said at least one first and second jaws that is movable.
 13. The surgical instrument of claim 12, wherein said outer surface is located a first radial distance from a center axis of said closure body and wherein said inner surface is located a second radial distance from the center axis and wherein said first radial distance is greater than said second radial distance such that said upper wall thickness is greater than said lower wall thickness.
 14. The surgical instrument of claim 12, further comprising diametrically opposed sidewall portions extending between said upper portion and said lower portion and wherein said sidewall portions each have a sidewall thickness that differs from said upper wall thickness and said lower wall thickness.
 15. The surgical instrument of claim 12, wherein said sidewall thickness is equal to said upper wall thickness and is greater than said lower wall thickness.
 16. The surgical instrument of claim 14, wherein each said sidewall portion defines an inner sidewall surface and wherein said inner sidewall surfaces are not parallel to each other.
 17. The surgical instrument of claim 12, wherein said upper wall thickness and said lower wall thickness are each measured along a common vertical axis extending through a center of said closure body.
 18. The surgical instrument of claim 12, wherein said at least one of said first and second jaws is movable from an open position to a closed position upon camming contact by said closure body when said closure body is moved in a first direction and wherein at least one other portion of said closure member is configured to move the said at least one first and second jaw from the closed position to the open position when said closure body is moved in a second direction and wherein said closure member further comprises at least one positive jaw opening feature extending inwardly from said inner surface and configured to contact another portion of the said at least one first and second jaw when said closure member is moved in a second direction.
 19. A closure member for applying a closure motion to a movable jaw of a surgical instrument, said closure member comprising: a hollow closure body defining an outer surface and an inner surface, said closure body further defining an upper portion comprising an upper wall thickness between said outer and inner surfaces and a lower portion comprising a lower wall thickness between said outer and inner surfaces wherein said upper and lower wall thicknesses are equal and wherein said inner and outer surfaces define sidewall portions that each have a sidewall thickness that is greater than said upper and lower wall thicknesses; and a cam surface formed on said upper portion for selective camming contact with a portion of the movable jaw.
 20. The closure member of claim 19, wherein said inner surface defines a rectangular shaped passage extending through said closure body. 